From 9aed2540aa4f17c31d3cb566a97164e596095696 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samraaj Bath <samraaj100@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Jul 2026 17:45:42 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Clone-fidelity fix waves 1-3 (+ wave 4 in flight): capture
 settling, media, iframes

Fixes from the cropin.com / ooni.com audit reviews:
- walker: preserve whitespace-only text in inline elements ("ofthe" bug);
  capture ::placeholder styles for inputs
- css: emit visibility (hidden-at-rest wordmark artifact); exempt list
  markers from inherited elision (lost bullets); ::placeholder rules
- seo: sanitize og:type to Next's enum (render crash -> dev badge leak);
  generated next.config disables devIndicators
- capture/stabilize: promote lazy-loader data attrs before snapshots
  (collapsed sections, viewport-inconsistent captures); settle autoplay
  carousels to home slide before every snapshot; force-reveal hidden
  videos for poster shots + log failures
- generate: ship downloaded video files as local <video src>; keep
  picture>source through IR prune with srcset rewrite (mobile-crop-on-
  desktop heroes); pin Tailwind named screens to computeBands boundaries
- capture/graft: capture cross-origin iframe subtrees (Klaviyo signup
  forms) with element-screenshot fallback; asset download retry +
  visual-assets-missing reporting

Checkpoint commit: wave 4 (reveal settling, 206 range-response fix,
hidden-geometry banding, bare-zero utility gating) is mid-implementation.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 compiler/fixtures/carousel-autoplay.html |  83 +++++
 compiler/fixtures/iframe-embed.html      |  25 ++
 compiler/fixtures/iframe-host.html       |  23 ++
 compiler/fixtures/lazy.html              |  37 ++
 compiler/fixtures/placeholder.html       |  18 +
 compiler/src/capture/capture.ts          | 257 ++++++++++++--
 compiler/src/capture/graft.ts            | 186 ++++++++++
 compiler/src/capture/motion.ts           |  80 ++++-
 compiler/src/capture/stabilize.ts        | 411 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 compiler/src/capture/walker.ts           |  35 +-
 compiler/src/cli.ts                      |  12 +-
 compiler/src/cliSummary.ts               |   9 +
 compiler/src/generate/app.ts             |  93 +++--
 compiler/src/generate/classMap.ts        |   3 +-
 compiler/src/generate/css.ts             | 106 +++++-
 compiler/src/generate/motion.ts          |  85 ++++-
 compiler/src/generate/seo.ts             |  16 +-
 compiler/src/generate/tailwind.ts        |  77 ++++-
 compiler/src/infer/assets.ts             |   8 +-
 compiler/src/normalize/ir.ts             |  23 +-
 compiler/src/site/generateSite.ts        |   1 +
 compiler/test/assetRetry.test.ts         |  37 ++
 compiler/test/css.test.ts                | 102 ++++++
 compiler/test/iframeGraft.test.ts        | 255 ++++++++++++++
 compiler/test/irPrune.test.ts            | 100 ++++++
 compiler/test/media.test.ts              | 133 ++++++++
 compiler/test/placeholder.test.ts        | 164 +++++++++
 compiler/test/screens.test.ts            |  64 ++++
 compiler/test/seo.test.ts                |  25 ++
 compiler/test/stabilize.test.ts          | 166 +++++++++
 compiler/test/walker.test.ts             |  66 ++++
 31 files changed, 2579 insertions(+), 121 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 compiler/fixtures/carousel-autoplay.html
 create mode 100644 compiler/fixtures/iframe-embed.html
 create mode 100644 compiler/fixtures/iframe-host.html
 create mode 100644 compiler/fixtures/lazy.html
 create mode 100644 compiler/fixtures/placeholder.html
 create mode 100644 compiler/src/capture/graft.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/src/capture/stabilize.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/test/assetRetry.test.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/test/css.test.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/test/iframeGraft.test.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/test/irPrune.test.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/test/media.test.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/test/placeholder.test.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/test/screens.test.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/test/stabilize.test.ts
 create mode 100644 compiler/test/walker.test.ts

diff --git a/compiler/fixtures/carousel-autoplay.html b/compiler/fixtures/carousel-autoplay.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1288c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/fixtures/carousel-autoplay.html
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  <title>Autoplay carousel fixture</title>
+  <style>
+    * { box-sizing: border-box; }
+    body { font-family: -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, sans-serif; margin: 0; color: #1a1a1a; }
+    main { max-width: 720px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 40px 24px; }
+
+    /* Splide-like autoplaying carousel: clipped track, flex list moved by translateX,
+       pagination bullets, pause-on-hover (the library default this fixture mimics). */
+    .splide { position: relative; }
+    .splide__track { overflow: hidden; border-radius: 10px; }
+    .splide__list { display: flex; transition: transform .2s ease; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
+    .splide__slide { flex: 0 0 100%; min-width: 100%; height: 200px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 34px; color: #fff; }
+    .a0 { background: #4f46e5; } .a1 { background: #0891b2; } .a2 { background: #16a34a; } .a3 { background: #db2777; }
+    .splide__pagination { display: flex; gap: 8px; justify-content: center; margin-top: 12px; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
+    .splide__pagination__bullet { width: 10px; height: 10px; border-radius: 50%; border: 0; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; background: #d1d5db; }
+    .splide__pagination__bullet.is-active { background: #4f46e5; }
+
+    /* A control-less advanced track (what an interaction pass can leave behind):
+       no bullets, no arrows, not loop-mode — settle must pin it back to home. */
+    .swiper { overflow: hidden; border-radius: 10px; margin-top: 32px; }
+    .swiper-wrapper { display: flex; }
+    .swiper-slide { flex: 0 0 100%; min-width: 100%; height: 120px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; color: #fff; background: #ea580c; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <main>
+    <h1>Autoplay carousel</h1>
+
+    <div id="auto" class="splide" aria-roledescription="carousel" aria-label="Autoplay">
+      <div class="splide__track">
+        <ul class="splide__list">
+          <li class="splide__slide a0 is-active">Slide 1</li>
+          <li class="splide__slide a1">Slide 2</li>
+          <li class="splide__slide a2">Slide 3</li>
+          <li class="splide__slide a3">Slide 4</li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+      <ul class="splide__pagination">
+        <li><button class="splide__pagination__bullet is-active" aria-label="Go to slide 1"></button></li>
+        <li><button class="splide__pagination__bullet" aria-label="Go to slide 2"></button></li>
+        <li><button class="splide__pagination__bullet" aria-label="Go to slide 3"></button></li>
+        <li><button class="splide__pagination__bullet" aria-label="Go to slide 4"></button></li>
+      </ul>
+    </div>
+
+    <div id="stuck" class="swiper">
+      <div class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform: translateX(-100%);">
+        <div class="swiper-slide">A</div>
+        <div class="swiper-slide">B</div>
+        <div class="swiper-slide">C</div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </main>
+
+  <script>
+    (() => {
+      const root = document.getElementById("auto");
+      const list = root.querySelector(".splide__list");
+      const slides = [...root.querySelectorAll(".splide__slide")];
+      const bullets = [...root.querySelectorAll(".splide__pagination__bullet")];
+      let i = 0;
+      let paused = false;
+      const go = (n) => {
+        i = ((n % slides.length) + slides.length) % slides.length;
+        list.style.transform = "translateX(-" + (i * 100) + "%)";
+        slides.forEach((s, k) => s.classList.toggle("is-active", k === i));
+        bullets.forEach((b, k) => b.classList.toggle("is-active", k === i));
+      };
+      bullets.forEach((b, k) => b.addEventListener("click", () => go(k)));
+      // pause-on-hover, the Splide/Slick default this fixture mimics
+      root.addEventListener("mouseenter", () => { paused = true; });
+      root.addEventListener("mouseleave", () => { paused = false; });
+      window.__autoplayTicks = 0;
+      setInterval(() => { if (!paused) { window.__autoplayTicks++; go(i + 1); } }, 250);
+    })();
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/compiler/fixtures/iframe-embed.html b/compiler/fixtures/iframe-embed.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9922abe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/fixtures/iframe-embed.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Newsletter embed</title>
+<style>
+  body { margin: 0; background: #1a1a2e; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; }
+  form { padding: 12px; }
+  label { display: block; margin-bottom: 6px; font-size: 13px; }
+  input { display: block; width: 200px; color: #ffffff; background: #333344; border: 1px solid #555577; padding: 6px; }
+  input::placeholder { color: rgb(200, 150, 100); }
+  button { margin-top: 8px; background: #e94560; color: #ffffff; border: 0; padding: 8px 16px; }
+  a { color: #8888ff; font-size: 12px; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <form id="signup" action="/subscribe">
+    <label for="email">Email</label>
+    <input id="email" type="email" placeholder="Enter your email">
+    <button type="submit">Sign up</button>
+    <a href="#terms">Terms</a>
+    <img src="/pixel.png" alt="" width="10" height="10">
+  </form>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/compiler/fixtures/iframe-host.html b/compiler/fixtures/iframe-host.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e661b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/fixtures/iframe-host.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Iframe host</title>
+<style>
+  body { margin: 0; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background: #ffffff; }
+  h1 { margin: 20px; font-size: 24px; }
+  iframe.signup {
+    display: block;
+    margin: 30px 0 0 40px;
+    width: 320px;
+    height: 160px;
+    border: 0;
+  }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1>Host page</h1>
+  <!-- {{FRAME_ORIGIN}} is replaced by the test server with the second (cross-origin) server's origin. -->
+  <iframe class="signup" title="Newsletter" aria-label="Modal Overlay Box Frame" src="{{FRAME_ORIGIN}}/iframe-embed.html"></iframe>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/compiler/fixtures/lazy.html b/compiler/fixtures/lazy.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..733f4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/fixtures/lazy.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+  <title>Lazy-media fixture</title>
+  <style>
+    * { box-sizing: border-box; }
+    body { font-family: -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, sans-serif; margin: 0; padding: 24px; }
+    img { display: block; }
+    .bg { width: 300px; height: 150px; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1>Lazy media</h1>
+
+  <!-- WP Rocket style: 0-size placeholder in src, real URL in data-lazy-src. -->
+  <img id="lazy1" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="og-image.png" alt="hero">
+
+  <!-- lazysizes style: no src at all, data-src + data-sizes="auto" (a swap flag, not a value). -->
+  <img id="lazy2" data-src="seo-icon.png" data-sizes="auto" alt="icon">
+
+  <picture>
+    <source id="lazysource" type="image/png" data-srcset="og-image.png 1x">
+    <img id="lazy3" data-src="og-image.png" alt="picture">
+  </picture>
+
+  <!-- Lazy background image (WP Rocket url(...) form). -->
+  <div id="lazybg" class="bg" data-bg="url('brand.svg')"></div>
+
+  <!-- Must NOT be promoted: the data attr is not a plausible URL. -->
+  <img id="notaurl" data-src="{{ placeholder }}" alt="template token">
+
+  <!-- Must NOT count as a promotion: src already equals the target. -->
+  <img id="already" src="seo-icon.png" data-src="seo-icon.png" alt="already swapped">
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/compiler/fixtures/placeholder.html b/compiler/fixtures/placeholder.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5df2d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/fixtures/placeholder.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Placeholder styling</title>
+<style>
+  body { margin: 0; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; }
+  input.styled { color: rgb(10, 20, 30); font-size: 16px; }
+  input.styled::placeholder { color: rgb(120, 30, 200); font-size: 14px; }
+  textarea.styled::placeholder { color: rgb(5, 100, 5); }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <input class="styled" type="email" placeholder="Enter your email">
+  <textarea class="styled" placeholder="Your message"></textarea>
+  <input class="plain" type="text" value="no placeholder here">
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/compiler/src/capture/capture.ts b/compiler/src/capture/capture.ts
index da15fca..1257259 100644
--- a/compiler/src/capture/capture.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/capture/capture.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,14 @@ import { join } from "node:path";
 import { collectPage, type PageSnapshot, type FontFace } from "./walker.js";
 import { tagElements, captureInteractions, type InteractionCapture } from "./interactions.js";
 import { captureMotion, probeReveals, type MotionCapture } from "./motion.js";
+import {
+  promoteLazyMedia, settleCarousels, settleScrollReveals, neutralizePreReveal,
+  forceRevealForShot, restoreRevealForShot,
+} from "./stabilize.js";
+import {
+  enumerateFramesInPage, planForFrameUrl, graftFrameIntoSnapshot, frameHasRenderableContent,
+  MAX_GRAFT_FRAMES, FRAME_GRAFT_MAX_NODES, type FrameCandidate,
+} from "./graft.js";
 import { discoverBreakpoints } from "./breakpoints.js";
 import { writeJSON, writeJSONCompact, writeBytes, ensureDir } from "../util/fsx.js";
 import { sha1_12, round } from "../util/canonical.js";
@@ -90,6 +98,23 @@ function viewportHeight(width: number): number {
   return VIEWPORT_HEIGHTS[width] ?? Math.round(width * 0.66);
 }
 
+// ---- Asset download retry (Fix: transient failures silently degrade to placeholders) ----
+
+/** Types whose absence is visible in the clone (image → transparent GIF, video → blank,
+ *  font → fallback face). These earn one retry; css/manifest/lottie degrade gracefully. */
+const RETRYABLE_ASSET_TYPES = new Set(["image", "svg", "video", "font"]);
+/** Fixed, bounded delay before the single retry — deterministic (no jitter/backoff). */
+export const ASSET_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 750;
+
+/** Should a failed download of `type` with HTTP `status` (null = network error / no
+ *  response) be retried once? Transient states only: connection failures, 5xx, and 429.
+ *  4xx (404/403/…) are authoritative — retrying can't change them. */
+export function isRetryableAssetFailure(type: string, status: number | null): boolean {
+  if (!RETRYABLE_ASSET_TYPES.has(type)) return false;
+  if (status === null) return true;
+  return status >= 500 || status === 429;
+}
+
 function extFromUrl(url: string): string {
   try {
     const p = new URL(url).pathname;
@@ -137,6 +162,19 @@ function isCss(url: string, contentType: string | null): boolean {
   return classifyAsset(url, contentType) === "css";
 }
 
+/** Container-magic check for accepted video bytes: ISO-BMFF (`ftyp` within the first
+ *  12 bytes — mp4/m4v/mov), webm/mkv (EBML 0x1A45DFA3), or ogg (`OggS`). A range
+ *  fragment (e.g. an mp4's moov-atom tail served as a 206) fails all three, so a
+ *  corrupt partial body is never stored as the asset. */
+export function looksLikeVideoFile(bytes: Buffer): boolean {
+  if (bytes.length < 12) return false;
+  const head = bytes.subarray(0, 12);
+  if (head.includes("ftyp")) return true;
+  if (head[0] === 0x1a && head[1] === 0x45 && head[2] === 0xdf && head[3] === 0xa3) return true; // EBML (webm/mkv)
+  if (head[0] === 0x4f && head[1] === 0x67 && head[2] === 0x67 && head[3] === 0x53) return true; // "OggS"
+  return false;
+}
+
 async function autoScroll(page: import("playwright").Page, vpHeight: number): Promise<void> {
   // Scroll through the page to trigger lazy-loaded images/backgrounds, then return
   // to the top so document-coordinate bboxes are measured from a settled layout.
@@ -535,6 +573,10 @@ export async function captureSite(opts: {
 
   const storeBytes = (url: string, type: string, bytes: Buffer): void => {
     if (!bytes || bytes.length === 0) return;
+    // Reject non-container bytes for video from EVERY path (a range fragment or error
+    // page stored under first-stored-wins ships a corrupt file). Left unstored, the
+    // asset surfaces in visual_assets_missing instead.
+    if (type === "video" && !looksLikeVideoFile(bytes)) return;
     const a = assetMap.get(url) ?? recordAsset(url, type, null, null, "network");
     if (a.storedAs) return;
     const ext = extFromUrl(url) || extFromContentType(a.contentType) ||
@@ -655,6 +697,10 @@ export async function captureSite(opts: {
         const existing = assetMap.get(url);
         if (existing?.storedAs) return;
         if (status >= 400) return;
+        // A 206 body is a RANGE FRAGMENT (media seek), not the asset — storing it would
+        // ship a corrupt file under first-stored-wins and the full-download fallback
+        // would then skip the asset. Record only; the fallback pass fetches the 200 body.
+        if (status === 206) return;
         bodyPromises.push(
           (async () => {
             try {
@@ -684,6 +730,42 @@ export async function captureSite(opts: {
     if (!navigated) throw navErr;
     await settle(page);
 
+    // Stage 2: lazy-loader promotion. WP Rocket/lazysizes keep a 0-size placeholder in
+    // `src` with the real URL in data attrs; autoScroll outruns their IntersectionObserver
+    // (collapsed sections in the snapshot) and the interaction pass can trigger the swap
+    // midway (viewports then DISAGREE about the section's size). Promote once, before any
+    // snapshot, so every viewport measures the same loaded media.
+    const lazyPromoted = await promoteLazyMedia(page);
+    if (lazyPromoted) {
+      log({ event: "lazy_promoted", count: lazyPromoted });
+      await settle(page, 2000); // newly-real images reflow the layout
+    }
+
+    // Stage 2: reveal settling. Scroll reveals (Elementor waypoints, WOW/AOS class swaps)
+    // are the same class of one-shot load-state as lazy media: fire them ONCE, before any
+    // viewport snapshot, so every width records the POST-REVEAL steady state — otherwise
+    // the snapshot bakes `visibility:hidden` wrappers (or a mid-fade opacity) with no JS
+    // to ever reveal them, and the clone renders below-fold content blank.
+    // A scroll-locking consent wall would defeat the dwell walk, so clear it first (the
+    // per-viewport dismissal below still runs and owns the audit trail).
+    const preClicked = await clickDismiss(page);
+    if (preClicked.length) {
+      for (const d of preClicked) if (!dismissUnion.dismissed.includes(d)) dismissUnion.dismissed.push(d);
+      await settle(page, 1000);
+    }
+    // Motion capture needs the PRE-reveal hidden state, observable only before the first
+    // scroll — tag + probe now (captureMotion confirms the candidates at the canonical
+    // snapshot, reading each revealed element's entrance animation from computed style).
+    if (opts.motion) { await tagElements(page); await probeReveals(page); }
+    const revealSettle = await settleScrollReveals(page);
+    log({ event: "reveals_settled", ...revealSettle });
+    // Belt-and-braces: reveal any element STILL carrying a known-library pre-reveal marker
+    // (below the step bound, or keyed to a non-scroll trigger) via the library's own
+    // revealed state, so captured computed styles are genuine post-reveal values.
+    const neutralized = await neutralizePreReveal(page);
+    if (neutralized) log({ event: "prereveal_neutralized", count: neutralized });
+    await settle(page, 1500); // revealed content reflows the layout
+
     for (const vw of viewports) {
       const vh = viewportHeight(vw);
       await page.setViewportSize({ width: vw, height: vh });
@@ -710,12 +792,8 @@ export async function captureSite(opts: {
       };
       await applyDismiss("load");
 
-      // Stage 5 (scroll reveals): at the FIRST viewport, before any scroll, tag elements
-      // and snapshot the pre-reveal hidden state — scroll reveals fire on the first
-      // autoScroll and stay revealed, so this is the only moment their hidden state is
-      // observable. Idempotent + motion-gated; the settled snapshot is unchanged.
-      if (opts.motion && vw === viewports[0]) { await tagElements(page); await probeReveals(page); }
-
+      // (Scroll-reveal probing happens once, before the viewport loop — see the reveal
+      // settling pass above; by this point all one-shot reveals have already fired.)
       await autoScroll(page, vh);
       await settle(page, 1500);
       await applyDismiss("post-scroll");
@@ -737,6 +815,15 @@ export async function captureSite(opts: {
       });
       await page.waitForTimeout(150);
 
+      // Stage 2: settle autoplaying carousels (pause + navigate to the home slide)
+      // before EVERY snapshot — otherwise each viewport freezes a different track
+      // offset (per-band CSS then bakes four different slides), and the interaction
+      // pass between the canonical and last snapshots would leave the final viewport
+      // contaminated. Scoped to named-library tracks so motion.ts's marquee/rotator
+      // capture (which runs after the canonical snapshot) observes them unchanged.
+      const carousels = await settleCarousels(page);
+      if (carousels.roots) log({ event: "carousels_settled", viewport: vw, ...carousels });
+
       // Stage 2: dynamic-media first frame. Materialize a still for poster-less
       // videos so they don't render blank — canvas where the frame is readable, else
       // an element screenshot (the page cannot screenshot itself). Done once at the
@@ -755,12 +842,27 @@ export async function captureSite(opts: {
           } catch { /* ignore */ }
         }
         for (const s of plan.shots) {
+          // A visibility:hidden video (entrance animation not yet fired) passes the size
+          // gate, but locator.screenshot auto-waits for visibility and times out —
+          // force-reveal the hidden ancestor chain for the shot, restore exactly after.
+          let shot = false;
           try {
+            await page.evaluate(forceRevealForShot, s.sel);
             const buf = await page.locator(s.sel).first().screenshot({ type: "jpeg", quality: 82, timeout: 5000, animations: "disabled" });
             recordAsset(s.url, "image", "image/jpeg", 200, "video-still");
             storeBytes(s.url, "image", buf);
             dismissUnion.videoStills++;
-          } catch { /* element not shootable (off-screen/detached) — poster falls back to placeholder */ }
+            shot = true;
+          } catch (e) {
+            log({ event: "video_still_error", viewport: vw, sel: s.sel, error: String(e).slice(0, 200) });
+          } finally {
+            await page.evaluate(restoreRevealForShot).catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
+          }
+          // A synthetic poster with no bytes behind it generates a transparent tile —
+          // on failure, remove the attr so the video renders as it did pre-capture.
+          if (!shot) {
+            await page.evaluate((sel) => { document.querySelector(sel)?.removeAttribute("poster"); }, s.sel).catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
+          }
         }
         // Element screenshots scroll the target into view; restore scroll 0 so the
         // canonical DOM walk + screenshot match the generated app's default render.
@@ -774,6 +876,95 @@ export async function captureSite(opts: {
       // them (whitelisted), enabling interaction deltas + motion specs to map to cids.
       if ((opts.interactions || opts.motion) && vw === canonical) await tagElements(page);
 
+      // Stage 2.6: cross-origin iframe content. The in-page walker cannot see into a
+      // cross-origin frame (newsletter/form embeds), but Node CAN evaluate in it — run the
+      // SAME collectPage per meaningful frame here, then graft each subtree into this
+      // viewport's snapshot below (graft.ts). Frames that can't be grafted (media players,
+      // dead frames) get an element-screenshot recorded as the iframe's background at the
+      // canonical viewport, so the box at least PAINTS. Runs before the main collectPage so
+      // the fallback's inline background is part of the canonical computed style.
+      const frameCands: FrameCandidate[] = await Promise.race([
+        page.evaluate(enumerateFramesInPage),
+        new Promise<FrameCandidate[]>((res) => setTimeout(() => res([]), 8000)),
+      ]).catch(() => [] as FrameCandidate[]);
+      const frameGrafts: Array<{ cand: FrameCandidate; snap: PageSnapshot }> = [];
+      let graftBudget = MAX_GRAFT_FRAMES;
+      let stillBudget = MAX_GRAFT_FRAMES; // fallback stills share the same per-page bound
+      let frameShotScrolled = false;
+      for (const cand of frameCands) {
+        if (!cand.visible) continue;
+        const plan = planForFrameUrl(cand.url);
+        if (plan === "skip") continue;
+        let frameSnap: PageSnapshot | null = null;
+        if (plan === "graft" && graftBudget > 0) {
+          try {
+            const handle = await page.$(`iframe[data-ditto-frame="${cand.idx}"]`);
+            const frame = handle ? await handle.contentFrame() : null;
+            if (frame) {
+              await frame.evaluate(ESBUILD_SHIM);
+              frameSnap = await Promise.race([
+                frame.evaluate(collectPage, { maxNodes: FRAME_GRAFT_MAX_NODES }),
+                new Promise<never>((_, rej) => setTimeout(() => rej(new Error("frame collect timeout")), 20_000)),
+              ]);
+            }
+            await handle?.dispose();
+          } catch (e) {
+            log({ event: "frame_graft_error", viewport: vw, frame: cand.idx, url: cand.url.slice(0, 160), error: String(e).slice(0, 200) });
+            frameSnap = null;
+          }
+        }
+        if (frameSnap && frameHasRenderableContent(frameSnap.root)) {
+          graftBudget--;
+          frameGrafts.push({ cand, snap: frameSnap });
+          // Merge the frame's discoveries exactly like the main document's below: its
+          // assets/fonts flow through the same pipeline so grafted <img>/@font-face resolve.
+          for (const da of frameSnap.domAssets) {
+            const t = classifyAsset(da.url, null) ?? (da.kind === "video" ? "video" : da.kind === "svg" ? "svg" : "image");
+            recordAsset(da.url, t, null, null, `frame${cand.idx}:${da.via}`);
+          }
+          for (const u of frameSnap.cssUrls) {
+            const t = classifyAsset(u, null) ?? "other";
+            recordAsset(u, t, null, null, "css-url");
+          }
+          for (const ff of frameSnap.fontFaces) {
+            const key = `${ff.family}|${ff.weight ?? ""}|${ff.style ?? ""}|${ff.src}`;
+            if (!fontFaceMap.has(key)) fontFaceMap.set(key, ff);
+          }
+        } else if (vw === canonical && stillBudget > 0) {
+          stillBudget--;
+          // Screenshot fallback — synthetic-poster pattern (see captureVideoStills): the
+          // still's bytes ride the normal asset pipeline under a synthetic URL; the iframe's
+          // inline background then rewrites to the local file at generation.
+          const stillUrl = `https://clone-frame.local/${cand.idx}-${sha1_12(cand.url || String(cand.idx))}.jpg`;
+          const sel = `iframe[data-ditto-frame="${cand.idx}"]`;
+          try {
+            await page.evaluate(forceRevealForShot, sel);
+            const buf = await page.locator(sel).first().screenshot({ type: "jpeg", quality: 82, timeout: 5000, animations: "disabled" });
+            recordAsset(stillUrl, "image", "image/jpeg", 200, "iframe-still");
+            storeBytes(stillUrl, "image", buf);
+            frameShotScrolled = true;
+            await page.evaluate(({ s, u }) => {
+              const el = document.querySelector(s) as HTMLElement | null;
+              if (el) {
+                el.style.backgroundImage = `url("${u}")`;
+                el.style.backgroundSize = "100% 100%";
+                el.style.backgroundRepeat = "no-repeat";
+              }
+            }, { s: sel, u: stillUrl });
+            log({ event: "frame_still", viewport: vw, frame: cand.idx, url: cand.url.slice(0, 160) });
+          } catch (e) {
+            log({ event: "frame_still_error", viewport: vw, frame: cand.idx, error: String(e).slice(0, 200) });
+          } finally {
+            await page.evaluate(restoreRevealForShot).catch(() => { /* ignore */ });
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      // Element screenshots scroll the target into view; restore scroll 0 before the walk.
+      if (frameShotScrolled) {
+        await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollTo(0, 0));
+        await page.waitForTimeout(80);
+      }
+
       // Bound the in-page DOM walk: page.evaluate has no default timeout, so a
       // pathologically large/animated DOM (e.g. asana.com) could hang forever.
       const snapshot: PageSnapshot = await Promise.race([
@@ -781,6 +972,13 @@ export async function captureSite(opts: {
         new Promise<never>((_, rej) => setTimeout(() => rej(new Error(`collectPage timeout vp${vw}`)), 60_000)),
       ]);
 
+      // Graft the captured frame subtrees into this viewport's snapshot (offset bboxes,
+      // namespaced ids, frame-URL-absolutized src/href — see graft.ts).
+      for (const g of frameGrafts) {
+        const ok = graftFrameIntoSnapshot(snapshot, g.cand, g.snap);
+        log({ event: ok ? "frame_grafted" : "frame_graft_orphaned", viewport: vw, frame: g.cand.idx, url: g.cand.url.slice(0, 160), nodes: g.snap.doc.nodeCount });
+      }
+
       // Merge discovered references from the snapshot (DOM + accessible CSS).
       for (const da of snapshot.domAssets) {
         const t = classifyAsset(da.url, null) ?? (da.kind === "manifest" ? "manifest" : da.kind === "video" ? "video" : da.kind === "svg" ? "svg" : "image");
@@ -895,21 +1093,38 @@ export async function captureSite(opts: {
       if (a.storedAs) continue;
       if (a.url.startsWith("data:")) continue;
       if (!["image", "svg", "video", "font", "lottie", "css", "manifest"].includes(a.type)) continue;
-      try {
-        const resp = await fallbackCtx.request.get(a.url, { timeout: 30000 });
-        a.status = resp.status();
-        if (resp.ok()) {
-          const buf = await resp.body();
-          a.contentType = a.contentType ?? (resp.headers()["content-type"] || null);
-          storeBytes(a.url, a.type, buf);
-          if (a.type === "css") parseCssForFonts(buf.toString("utf8"), a.url, fontFaceMap, (u) => {
-            const t = classifyAsset(u, null) ?? "other";
-            recordAsset(u, t, null, null, "css-text");
-          });
-          if (a.type === "manifest") parseManifestForAssets(buf.toString("utf8"), a.url);
-        }
-      } catch { /* unreachable/signed — left as skipped */ }
+      // One bounded retry for transiently-failed VISUAL assets (network error / 5xx / 429):
+      // a single flaky fetch otherwise degrades an image to the transparent-GIF placeholder.
+      for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 2; attempt++) {
+        let failStatus: number | null = null;
+        try {
+          const resp = await fallbackCtx.request.get(a.url, { timeout: 30000 });
+          a.status = resp.status();
+          if (resp.ok()) {
+            const buf = await resp.body();
+            a.contentType = a.contentType ?? (resp.headers()["content-type"] || null);
+            storeBytes(a.url, a.type, buf);
+            if (a.type === "css") parseCssForFonts(buf.toString("utf8"), a.url, fontFaceMap, (u) => {
+              const t = classifyAsset(u, null) ?? "other";
+              recordAsset(u, t, null, null, "css-text");
+            });
+            if (a.type === "manifest") parseManifestForAssets(buf.toString("utf8"), a.url);
+            break;
+          }
+          failStatus = resp.status();
+        } catch { failStatus = null; /* unreachable/signed — left as skipped */ }
+        if (attempt > 0 || !isRetryableAssetFailure(a.type, failStatus)) break;
+        log({ event: "asset_retry", url: a.url, type: a.type, status: failStatus });
+        await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ASSET_RETRY_DELAY_MS));
+      }
     }
+    // Every visual asset that ultimately failed, in one machine-readable event: these are
+    // the boxes that will paint as placeholders (image → transparent GIF, video → blank).
+    const visualMissing = [...assetMap.values()]
+      .filter((a) => !a.storedAs && !a.url.startsWith("data:") && (a.type === "image" || a.type === "svg" || a.type === "video"))
+      .map((a) => ({ url: a.url, type: a.type, status: a.status }))
+      .sort((x, y) => x.url.localeCompare(y.url));
+    if (visualMissing.length) log({ event: "visual_assets_missing", count: visualMissing.length, assets: visualMissing });
     const seoResources: SeoResource[] = [];
     const fetchedSeo = new Set<string>();
     const fetchSeoResource = async (url: string, kind: SeoResource["kind"]): Promise<void> => {
diff --git a/compiler/src/capture/graft.ts b/compiler/src/capture/graft.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d98fded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/src/capture/graft.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+import type { PageSnapshot, RawNode, RawChild } from "./walker.js";
+
+/**
+ * Cross-origin iframe subtree graft (Stage 2). The in-page walker cannot see into a
+ * cross-origin iframe (Klaviyo/newsletter embeds), so the capture used to record an
+ * empty box and the clone painted a blank frame. Playwright CAN evaluate inside
+ * cross-origin frames from Node, so capture.ts runs the SAME collectPage in each
+ * meaningful frame and this module merges the returned subtree into the page snapshot
+ * as ordinary children of the iframe node:
+ *   - bboxes shift by the iframe's content-box origin (frame-doc → page-doc coords);
+ *   - id/for/#href are namespaced `f<idx>-…` so two frames (or frame + page) can't
+ *     collide on DOM ids in the clone;
+ *   - src/srcset/href absolutize against the FRAME document's URL (generation resolves
+ *     attrs against the main page URL, which would break frame-relative paths);
+ *   - the grafted <body> becomes a <div>, and the iframe node clips (overflow:hidden)
+ *     exactly like a real frame viewport.
+ * Downstream the iframe-with-children renders as a positioned <div> (app.ts), so the
+ * embed's form paints as real, styleable DOM. Frames that can't be grafted fall back
+ * to an element screenshot recorded as the iframe's background (capture.ts).
+ */
+
+/** Determinism/perf caps: at most this many grafted frames per page snapshot… */
+export const MAX_GRAFT_FRAMES = 10;
+/** …and a per-frame walker node budget (a fraction of the main document's 12000). */
+export const FRAME_GRAFT_MAX_NODES = 2000;
+/** Minimum rendered size (both axes) for a frame to carry meaningful content. */
+export const MIN_FRAME_DIM = 48;
+
+export type FramePlan = "skip" | "still" | "graft";
+
+// Ad/analytics/consent plumbing frames render nothing a visitor values — skip entirely.
+const FRAME_SKIP_RE =
+  /(?:doubleclick\.net|googlesyndication\.com|googletagmanager\.com|google-analytics\.com|googleadservices\.com|adservice\.google|facebook\.com\/tr|connect\.facebook\.net|\brecaptcha\b|hcaptcha\.com|challenges\.cloudflare\.com|adsrvr\.org|amazon-adsystem\.com)/i;
+// Media players are JS-built canvases/videos whose DOM graft is meaningless; an element
+// screenshot (the poster frame + play chrome) is the faithful static paint.
+const FRAME_STILL_RE =
+  /(?:youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com\/embed|player\.vimeo\.com|\bwistia\b|fast\.wistia|players?\.brightcove|open\.spotify\.com|w\.soundcloud\.com|google\.com\/maps\/embed)/i;
+
+/** How to materialize a frame's content, from its URL alone (deterministic). */
+export function planForFrameUrl(url: string): FramePlan {
+  const u = (url || "").trim();
+  if (!u || u === "about:blank" || u.startsWith("javascript:")) return "skip";
+  if (FRAME_SKIP_RE.test(u)) return "skip";
+  if (FRAME_STILL_RE.test(u)) return "still";
+  return "graft";
+}
+
+export type FrameCandidate = {
+  idx: number;      // stable per-page index, stamped as data-ditto-frame on the element
+  url: string;      // the frame element's src (absolute)
+  visible: boolean; // rendered, ≥ MIN_FRAME_DIM on both axes
+  // Content-box origin in page document coordinates: the offset every frame-doc bbox
+  // shifts by (the child browsing context fills the iframe's content box).
+  contentX: number;
+  contentY: number;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Stamp every iframe with a stable `data-ditto-frame` index (DOM order; idempotent so
+ * later viewports reuse the same identity) and report each frame's geometry/visibility.
+ * Serialized into the page via page.evaluate — must stay self-contained.
+ */
+export function enumerateFramesInPage(): FrameCandidate[] {
+  const frames = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("iframe"));
+  let next = 0;
+  for (const f of frames) {
+    const cur = f.getAttribute("data-ditto-frame");
+    if (cur !== null) next = Math.max(next, parseInt(cur, 10) + 1);
+  }
+  const sx = window.scrollX, sy = window.scrollY;
+  const out: FrameCandidate[] = [];
+  for (const f of frames) {
+    let idxAttr = f.getAttribute("data-ditto-frame");
+    if (idxAttr === null) { idxAttr = String(next++); f.setAttribute("data-ditto-frame", idxAttr); }
+    const cs = getComputedStyle(f);
+    const r = f.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const visible = cs.display !== "none" && cs.visibility !== "hidden" &&
+      parseFloat(cs.opacity || "1") > 0 && r.width >= 48 && r.height >= 48;
+    out.push({
+      idx: parseInt(idxAttr, 10),
+      url: (f as HTMLIFrameElement).src || "",
+      visible,
+      contentX: Math.round((r.x + sx + parseFloat(cs.borderLeftWidth || "0") + parseFloat(cs.paddingLeft || "0")) * 100) / 100,
+      contentY: Math.round((r.y + sy + parseFloat(cs.borderTopWidth || "0") + parseFloat(cs.paddingTop || "0")) * 100) / 100,
+    });
+  }
+  return out.sort((a, b) => a.idx - b.idx);
+}
+
+function isTextRaw(c: RawChild): c is { text: string } {
+  return (c as { text?: string }).text !== undefined;
+}
+
+/** Does the frame's captured tree paint anything (a visible element or real text)? */
+export function frameHasRenderableContent(root: RawNode | undefined): boolean {
+  if (!root) return false;
+  const visit = (n: RawNode): boolean => {
+    for (const c of n.children) {
+      if (isTextRaw(c)) { if (c.text.trim().length > 0) return true; continue; }
+      if (c.visible || c.rawHTML) return true;
+      if (visit(c)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+  return visit(root);
+}
+
+/** Find the iframe RawNode stamped with the given data-ditto-frame index. */
+export function findFrameNode(root: RawNode, idx: number): RawNode | null {
+  if (root.tag === "iframe" && root.attrs?.["data-ditto-frame"] === String(idx)) return root;
+  for (const c of root.children) {
+    if (isTextRaw(c)) continue;
+    const hit = findFrameNode(c, idx);
+    if (hit) return hit;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+const ABS_URL_ATTRS = ["src", "poster", "data-lazy-src", "data-src", "data-original", "data-ll-src"];
+const ABS_SRCSET_ATTRS = ["srcset", "data-lazy-srcset", "data-srcset"];
+
+/**
+ * Merge one frame snapshot into the page snapshot as children of its iframe node.
+ * Returns true when the graft landed. Mutates `snapshot` (offsets, namespacing and the
+ * iframe's clipping are applied to the frame subtree copy embedded in it).
+ */
+export function graftFrameIntoSnapshot(
+  snapshot: PageSnapshot,
+  frame: { idx: number; contentX: number; contentY: number },
+  frameSnap: PageSnapshot,
+): boolean {
+  const host = findFrameNode(snapshot.root, frame.idx);
+  if (!host || !frameSnap?.root) return false;
+  if (!frameHasRenderableContent(frameSnap.root)) return false;
+
+  const prefix = `f${frame.idx}-`;
+  const frameUrl = frameSnap.doc?.url || "";
+  const abs = (u: string): string => {
+    try { return new URL(u, frameUrl).href; } catch { return u; }
+  };
+  const absSrcset = (v: string): string =>
+    v.split(",").map((part) => {
+      const bits = part.trim().split(/\s+/);
+      if (bits[0] && !bits[0].startsWith("data:")) bits[0] = abs(bits[0]);
+      return bits.join(" ");
+    }).join(", ");
+  const nsIdList = (v: string): string =>
+    v.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).map((id) => prefix + id).join(" ");
+
+  const visit = (n: RawNode): void => {
+    n.bbox = {
+      ...n.bbox,
+      x: Math.round((n.bbox.x + frame.contentX) * 100) / 100,
+      y: Math.round((n.bbox.y + frame.contentY) * 100) / 100,
+    };
+    const a = n.attrs ?? {};
+    delete a["data-cid-cap"]; // capture-ids belong to the main document only
+    if (a.id) a.id = prefix + a.id;
+    if (a.for) a.for = prefix + a.for;
+    for (const k of ["aria-labelledby", "aria-describedby", "aria-controls", "aria-owns", "aria-activedescendant"]) {
+      if (a[k]) a[k] = nsIdList(a[k]!);
+    }
+    if (a.href) a.href = a.href.startsWith("#") ? "#" + prefix + a.href.slice(1) : abs(a.href);
+    for (const k of ABS_URL_ATTRS) if (a[k] && !a[k]!.startsWith("data:")) a[k] = abs(a[k]!);
+    for (const k of ABS_SRCSET_ATTRS) if (a[k]) a[k] = absSrcset(a[k]!);
+    for (const c of n.children) if (!isTextRaw(c)) visit(c);
+  };
+
+  const wrapper = frameSnap.root; // the frame's <body>
+  visit(wrapper);
+  wrapper.tag = "div"; // a nested <body> is not valid; the box/styles replay identically
+
+  host.children = [wrapper];
+  // A real frame viewport clips its document; the replacement <div> must too, at every
+  // captured viewport (each per-viewport snapshot is grafted independently).
+  host.computed = { ...host.computed, overflow: "hidden", overflowX: "hidden", overflowY: "hidden" };
+  // An iframe is a REPLACED element: `display:inline` (the default) still honors its
+  // width/height. The <div> that replaces it at generation is not — inline would collapse
+  // the box — so translate to the behavior-equivalent inline-block.
+  if ((host.computed.display || "inline") === "inline") host.computed.display = "inline-block";
+  // Diagnostics only (nodeCount is logged, never gated).
+  snapshot.doc.nodeCount += frameSnap.doc?.nodeCount ?? 0;
+  // @keyframes referenced by grafted nodes must exist in the page snapshot's set.
+  if (frameSnap.keyframes?.length) snapshot.keyframes.push(...frameSnap.keyframes);
+  return true;
+}
diff --git a/compiler/src/capture/motion.ts b/compiler/src/capture/motion.ts
index 7019bd8..1dcc955 100644
--- a/compiler/src/capture/motion.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/capture/motion.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,16 @@ export type RevealSpec = {
   cap: string; // data-cid-cap of a scroll-revealed element
   opacity: string; // its hidden (pre-reveal) opacity, e.g. "0"
   transform: string; // its hidden transform (slide/scale offset), or "none"
-  transition: string; // the transition to animate the reveal with
+  transition: string; // the transition to animate the reveal with ("" for the visibility family)
+  // visibility+entrance-class family (Elementor/WOW/AOS): hidden via `visibility:hidden`
+  // pre-scroll, revealed by a class swap that applies a keyframe animation. The clone
+  // re-hides with visibility (JS-applied, so non-JS/SSR still shows content) and replays
+  // the named animation when scrolled into view.
+  visibility?: "hidden";
+  animationName?: string; // entrance @keyframes name in the revealed state (e.g. fadeInUp)
+  animationDuration?: string; // e.g. "1.25s"
+  animationDelay?: string; // e.g. "0s"
+  animationTiming?: string; // e.g. "ease" / "cubic-bezier(...)"
 };
 
 export type MarqueeSpec = {
@@ -62,26 +71,41 @@ export type MotionCapture = {
 };
 
 /**
- * Stage 5 (scroll reveals) — pre-scroll probe. Scroll-triggered reveals start hidden
- * (opacity:0 / transform offset) and animate in when scrolled into view; by the time the
- * settled snapshot is taken (after `autoScroll` has walked the page) they are already
- * revealed, so their hidden state must be sampled BEFORE the first scroll. Records, on
- * `window.__cloneReveal`, the pre-scroll opacity/transform/transition of every tagged
- * element that is hidden-but-boxed with a real transition — the candidate reveal set
- * `captureMotion` later confirms (kept only if the element ends up visible). Idempotent;
- * call once at the first viewport, after settle, before `autoScroll`.
+ * Stage 5 (scroll reveals) — pre-scroll probe. Scroll-triggered reveals start hidden and
+ * animate in when scrolled into view; by the time the settled snapshot is taken (after
+ * the reveal-settling pass has walked the page) they are already revealed, so their
+ * hidden state must be sampled BEFORE the first scroll. Records, on `window.__cloneReveal`,
+ * two candidate families over tagged elements — the set `captureMotion` later confirms
+ * (kept only if the element ends up visible):
+ *   - **transition** — opacity≈0 with a real opacity/transform transition (the reveal
+ *     animates via the transition already on the element);
+ *   - **visibility** — `visibility:hidden` with a real box (Elementor `.elementor-invisible`,
+ *     WOW/AOS wrappers), revealed by a class swap that APPLIES a keyframe animation. The
+ *     entrance animation only exists post-swap, so `captureMotion` reads it at confirm
+ *     time from the revealed computed style. Only the OUTERMOST hidden element is recorded
+ *     (visibility inherits — descendants are covered by the wrapper's reveal).
+ * Idempotent; call once at the canonical width, after settle, before the first scroll.
  */
 export async function probeReveals(page: Page): Promise<void> {
   try {
     await page.evaluate(() => {
-      const out: Record<string, { opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string }> = {};
+      const out: Record<string, { opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string; family?: "visibility" }> = {};
       for (const el of Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[data-cid-cap]"))) {
         const cap = el.getAttribute("data-cid-cap"); if (!cap) continue;
         let cs: CSSStyleDeclaration; try { cs = getComputedStyle(el); } catch { continue; }
-        const op = parseFloat(cs.opacity || "1");
-        if (op > 0.05) continue; // only currently-hidden elements are reveal candidates
         const r = (el as HTMLElement).getBoundingClientRect();
         if (r.width < 8 || r.height < 8) continue; // must occupy real space (not a 0-box hidden node)
+        if (cs.visibility === "hidden") {
+          // visibility family: record only the reveal ROOT (parent not also hidden).
+          const p = (el as HTMLElement).parentElement;
+          let parentHidden = false;
+          try { parentHidden = !!p && getComputedStyle(p).visibility === "hidden"; } catch { /* ignore */ }
+          if (parentHidden) continue;
+          out[cap] = { opacity: cs.opacity || "1", transform: "none", transition: "", family: "visibility" };
+          continue;
+        }
+        const op = parseFloat(cs.opacity || "1");
+        if (op > 0.05) continue; // only currently-hidden elements are reveal candidates
         // must have a transition on opacity/transform/all (so the reveal animates, not snaps)
         const tp = (cs.transitionProperty || "").toLowerCase();
         const td = cs.transitionDuration || "0s";
@@ -311,17 +335,41 @@ export async function captureMotion(page: Page, opts?: { observeMs?: number; log
 
         // ---- Scroll reveals: confirm the pre-scroll candidates (probeReveals) that are
         // NOW visible — those genuinely revealed on scroll (vs. elements that stayed hidden).
-        const reveals: Array<{ cap: string; opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string }> = [];
+        const reveals: Array<{
+          cap: string; opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string;
+          visibility?: "hidden"; animationName?: string; animationDuration?: string; animationDelay?: string; animationTiming?: string;
+        }> = [];
         try {
-          const probed = (window as unknown as { __cloneReveal?: Record<string, { opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string }> }).__cloneReveal || {};
+          const probed = (window as unknown as { __cloneReveal?: Record<string, { opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string; family?: "visibility" }> }).__cloneReveal || {};
+          // First value of a comma-joined animation longhand; timing functions carry inner
+          // commas (cubic-bezier/steps), so take the whole leading function when present.
+          const first = (v: string): string => (/^\s*(cubic-bezier\([^)]*\)|steps\([^)]*\)|[^,]+)/.exec(v || "")?.[1] ?? "").trim();
           for (const cap of Object.keys(probed)) {
             const el = document.querySelector(`[data-cid-cap="${cap}"]`);
             if (!el) continue;
             const cs = getComputedStyle(el);
-            if (parseFloat(cs.opacity || "1") <= 0.05) continue; // still hidden → not a reveal, just hidden
+            const p = probed[cap]!;
             const r = (el as HTMLElement).getBoundingClientRect();
             if (r.width < 8 || r.height < 8) continue;
-            reveals.push({ cap, ...probed[cap]! });
+            if (p.family === "visibility") {
+              if (cs.visibility === "hidden") continue; // never revealed → genuinely hidden content
+              // Revealed via class swap. The swap's entrance animation is now in the computed
+              // style (libraries keep the animated class); record it for replay.
+              const name = first(cs.animationName || "none");
+              reveals.push({
+                cap, opacity: p.opacity, transform: "none", transition: "",
+                visibility: "hidden",
+                ...(name && name !== "none" ? {
+                  animationName: name,
+                  animationDuration: first(cs.animationDuration) || "1s",
+                  animationDelay: first(cs.animationDelay) || "0s",
+                  animationTiming: first(cs.animationTimingFunction) || "ease",
+                } : {}),
+              });
+              continue;
+            }
+            if (parseFloat(cs.opacity || "1") <= 0.05) continue; // still hidden → not a reveal, just hidden
+            reveals.push({ cap, opacity: p.opacity, transform: p.transform, transition: p.transition });
           }
         } catch { /* ignore */ }
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/capture/stabilize.ts b/compiler/src/capture/stabilize.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e500549
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/src/capture/stabilize.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+import type { Page } from "playwright";
+
+/**
+ * Pre-snapshot stabilization (Stage 2). Two dynamic behaviors otherwise make the
+ * per-viewport snapshots disagree with each other and with what a settled visitor sees:
+ *
+ *   - **Lazy-loader placeholders** (WP Rocket / lazysizes): the real URL lives in a data
+ *     attribute while `src` holds a 0-size placeholder; `autoScroll` outruns their
+ *     IntersectionObserver, so snapshots record collapsed sections — and the interaction
+ *     pass can trigger the swap midway, leaving viewports INCONSISTENT (cropin's "Global
+ *     presence" map: 0×0 at 375/768/1280, 898px at 1920). Promoting the data attrs to
+ *     real ones ONCE, before any snapshot, makes every viewport measure the stable
+ *     post-reveal size (validated against the live site).
+ *   - **Autoplaying carousels** (Splide/Swiper-style transform tracks): each viewport
+ *     snapshot freezes a DIFFERENT translateX offset which the generator bakes into
+ *     per-band CSS (ooni's splide02: -375/0/-1280/-1920 across the four widths). Settling
+ *     — autoplay paused, track at the home slide — before EVERY snapshot makes all
+ *     viewports (including the post-interaction 1920 pass) see one canonical state.
+ *
+ * Scope guard for motion capture (motion.ts contract): carousel settling touches ONLY
+ * elements matching the named-library selectors below, and pauses only the track's own
+ * WAAPI/CSS animations. rAF-driven marquees (Framer Motion tickers) match none of these
+ * selectors and keep running, so `detectMarquees` still observes their velocity; paused
+ * WAAPI animations remain in `document.getAnimations()` with keyframes/timing intact.
+ */
+
+// ---- Lazy-media promotion (runs in the page) ----
+
+/**
+ * Promote lazy-loader data attributes to real ones and wait (bounded) for the newly-real
+ * images to decode, so bboxes are measured loaded. Only values that look like URLs are
+ * promoted (some themes stash JSON/flags in data-src-like attrs); an `src` already equal
+ * to the target is left alone, so the pass is idempotent. Returns the number of elements
+ * changed. Serialized into the page via page.evaluate — must stay self-contained.
+ */
+export async function promoteLazyMediaInPage(): Promise<number> {
+  const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
+  const urlish = (v: string | null | undefined): v is string => {
+    if (!v) return false;
+    const s = v.trim();
+    if (!s || s.length > 4096 || /[<>"'\s]/.test(s)) return false;
+    return /^(?:https?:)?\/\//i.test(s) || s.startsWith("/") || s.startsWith("./") || s.startsWith("../") ||
+      /^data:image\//i.test(s) || /^[\w][^:]*\.[a-z0-9]{2,5}(?:[?#]|$)/i.test(s);
+  };
+  const srcsetish = (v: string | null | undefined): v is string => {
+    if (!v) return false;
+    const first = v.split(",")[0]?.trim().split(/\s+/)[0];
+    return urlish(first);
+  };
+  const setAttr = (el: Element, name: string, value: string): boolean => {
+    if (el.getAttribute(name) === value) return false;
+    el.setAttribute(name, value);
+    return true;
+  };
+  const promotedImgs: HTMLImageElement[] = [];
+  let count = 0;
+  const SEL =
+    "img[data-lazy-src],img[data-src],img[data-lazy-srcset],img[data-srcset],img[data-lazy-sizes],img[data-sizes]," +
+    "source[data-lazy-srcset],source[data-srcset],iframe[data-lazy-src],iframe[data-src],[data-bg]";
+  for (const el of Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(SEL))) {
+    let changed = false;
+    const tag = el.tagName;
+    if (tag === "IMG" || tag === "IFRAME") {
+      const src = el.getAttribute("data-lazy-src") ?? el.getAttribute("data-src");
+      if (urlish(src)) changed = setAttr(el, "src", src.trim()) || changed;
+    }
+    if (tag === "IMG" || tag === "SOURCE") {
+      const srcset = el.getAttribute("data-lazy-srcset") ?? el.getAttribute("data-srcset");
+      if (srcsetish(srcset)) changed = setAttr(el, "srcset", srcset.trim()) || changed;
+      // lazysizes' `data-sizes="auto"` is a computed-at-swap flag, not a real sizes value.
+      const sizes = (el.getAttribute("data-lazy-sizes") ?? el.getAttribute("data-sizes"))?.trim();
+      if (sizes && sizes !== "auto") changed = setAttr(el, "sizes", sizes) || changed;
+    }
+    const bg = el.getAttribute("data-bg");
+    if (bg) {
+      // data-bg carries either a raw URL (lazysizes) or a full url(...) (WP Rocket).
+      const inner = bg.trim().replace(/^url\(\s*(['"]?)(.*?)\1\s*\)$/i, "$2").trim();
+      if (urlish(inner)) {
+        const want = `url("${inner}")`;
+        const st = (el as HTMLElement).style;
+        if (st.backgroundImage !== want) { st.backgroundImage = want; changed = true; }
+      }
+    }
+    if (changed) {
+      count++;
+      if (tag === "IMG") { el.setAttribute("loading", "eager"); promotedImgs.push(el as HTMLImageElement); }
+    }
+  }
+  if (promotedImgs.length) {
+    await Promise.race([
+      Promise.all(promotedImgs.map((img) => (typeof img.decode === "function" ? img.decode() : Promise.resolve()).catch(() => { /* broken URL — bbox stays as-is */ }))),
+      sleep(4000),
+    ]);
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+/** Node-side wrapper: bounded + never fatal (a hung page just skips promotion). */
+export async function promoteLazyMedia(page: Page): Promise<number> {
+  try {
+    return await Promise.race([
+      page.evaluate(promoteLazyMediaInPage),
+      new Promise<number>((res) => setTimeout(() => res(0), 8000)),
+    ]);
+  } catch {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- Scroll-reveal settling (runs in the page) ----
+
+/** Fixed dwell per scroll step. Reveal libraries fire from IntersectionObserver callbacks
+ *  or throttled scroll handlers (WOW ~100ms, AOS 99ms debounce); the plain autoScroll's
+ *  60ms cadence outruns them, leaving reveal wrappers baked `visibility:hidden` in the
+ *  snapshot. 400ms per step reliably clears every observed library. Deterministic constant. */
+export const REVEAL_DWELL_MS = 400;
+/** Bound the dwell walk for pathological/endless pages (~80 × 0.75 viewport ≈ 60 screens). */
+export const REVEAL_MAX_STEPS = 80;
+/** Bounded wait for FINITE entrance animations started by the walk to finish, so no
+ *  viewport snapshot freezes a mid-fade frame (the ~5%-opacity ghost state). */
+export const REVEAL_ANIMATION_WAIT_MS = 3000;
+
+export type RevealSettleResult = { steps: number; animationsAwaited: number };
+
+/**
+ * Deterministic dwell-scroll so every one-shot scroll reveal (Elementor waypoints,
+ * WOW/AOS class swaps, IntersectionObserver entrances) fires BEFORE any viewport
+ * snapshot — the same class of one-shot load-state as lazy media, settled the same way
+ * (once, before the viewport loop). Steps 0.75×viewport with a fixed dwell through the
+ * full scrollHeight, waits for the entrance animations it started to complete (infinite
+ * iterations excluded — they never finish by design), then restores scroll 0.
+ * Serialized into the page via page.evaluate — must stay self-contained.
+ */
+export async function settleScrollRevealsInPage(cfg: { dwellMs: number; maxSteps: number; animWaitMs: number }): Promise<RevealSettleResult> {
+  const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
+  const step = Math.max(Math.round(window.innerHeight * 0.75), 200);
+  const maxScroll = () => document.documentElement.scrollHeight - window.innerHeight;
+  let y = 0;
+  let steps = 0;
+  while (y < maxScroll() && steps < cfg.maxSteps) {
+    y += step;
+    window.scrollTo(0, y);
+    await sleep(cfg.dwellMs);
+    steps++;
+  }
+  let animationsAwaited = 0;
+  try {
+    const anims = (document.getAnimations?.() ?? []).filter((a) => {
+      try {
+        if (a.playState !== "running") return false;
+        const t = (a.effect as KeyframeEffect | null)?.getTiming();
+        return t != null && t.iterations !== Infinity;
+      } catch { return false; }
+    });
+    animationsAwaited = anims.length;
+    await Promise.race([
+      Promise.allSettled(anims.map((a) => a.finished)),
+      sleep(cfg.animWaitMs),
+    ]);
+  } catch { /* getAnimations unsupported — the fixed post-wait still applies */ }
+  window.scrollTo(0, 0);
+  await sleep(250); // fixed post-wait: let scroll-position-dependent styles re-settle at top
+  return { steps, animationsAwaited };
+}
+
+/** Node-side wrapper: bounded + never fatal (a hung page just skips settling). */
+export async function settleScrollReveals(page: Page): Promise<RevealSettleResult> {
+  const empty: RevealSettleResult = { steps: 0, animationsAwaited: 0 };
+  const cfg = { dwellMs: REVEAL_DWELL_MS, maxSteps: REVEAL_MAX_STEPS, animWaitMs: REVEAL_ANIMATION_WAIT_MS };
+  const bound = cfg.maxSteps * cfg.dwellMs + cfg.animWaitMs + 8000;
+  try {
+    return await Promise.race([
+      page.evaluate(settleScrollRevealsInPage, cfg),
+      new Promise<RevealSettleResult>((res) => setTimeout(() => res(empty), bound)),
+    ]);
+  } catch {
+    return empty;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Defensive follow-up to the dwell walk: elements STILL carrying a known pre-reveal
+ * marker (far below fold past the step bound, or keyed to a non-scroll trigger) are
+ * moved to the library's OWN revealed state — the classes the library would add/remove
+ * — never raw style overrides, so the captured computed styles are the library's
+ * genuine post-reveal values. Known-library allowlist only (same philosophy as the
+ * carousel selectors below); elements hidden for real reasons are untouched.
+ * Serialized into the page via page.evaluate — must stay self-contained.
+ */
+export function neutralizePreRevealInPage(): number {
+  const stillHidden = (el: Element): boolean => {
+    try {
+      const cs = getComputedStyle(el);
+      return cs.visibility === "hidden" || parseFloat(cs.opacity || "1") <= 0.05;
+    } catch { return false; }
+  };
+  let n = 0;
+  // Elementor waypoint reveals: `.elementor-invisible` is removed and `animated` + the
+  // entrance-animation class (data-settings._animation / .animation) added on reveal.
+  const elementorReveal = (el: Element): void => {
+    let anim = "";
+    try {
+      const s = JSON.parse(el.getAttribute("data-settings") || "{}") as Record<string, unknown>;
+      const v = s["_animation"] ?? s["animation"];
+      if (typeof v === "string") anim = v.trim();
+    } catch { /* malformed settings — reveal without the animation class */ }
+    el.classList.remove("elementor-invisible");
+    el.classList.add("animated");
+    if (anim && anim !== "none") el.classList.add(anim);
+  };
+  for (const el of Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(".elementor-invisible"))) { elementorReveal(el); n++; }
+  // Elementor variants where the invisible class was renamed but the entrance setting
+  // remains: still-hidden elements whose data-settings configure an animation.
+  for (const el of Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('[data-settings*="animation"]'))) {
+    if (!stillHidden(el)) continue;
+    elementorReveal(el);
+    n++;
+  }
+  // WOW.js: init() sets inline visibility:hidden; reveal sets it visible + adds `animated`
+  // (the keyframe class, e.g. fadeInUp, is already in the element's class list).
+  for (const el of Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(".wow:not(.animated)")) as HTMLElement[]) {
+    el.classList.add("animated");
+    el.style.visibility = "visible";
+    n++;
+  }
+  // AOS: [data-aos] elements are hidden by attribute selectors until `.aos-animate` lands.
+  for (const el of Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[data-aos]:not(.aos-animate)"))) {
+    el.classList.add("aos-animate");
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+/** Node-side wrapper: bounded + never fatal. */
+export async function neutralizePreReveal(page: Page): Promise<number> {
+  try {
+    return await Promise.race([
+      page.evaluate(neutralizePreRevealInPage),
+      new Promise<number>((res) => setTimeout(() => res(0), 8000)),
+    ]);
+  } catch {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- Carousel settling (runs in the page) ----
+
+export type CarouselSettleResult = { roots: number; normalized: number; neutralizedAnims: number };
+
+/**
+ * Deterministically settle recognizable library carousels: engage the library's own
+ * pause path, neutralize any animation driving the track, and navigate to the REAL first
+ * slide (home). Navigation preference:
+ *   1. the exposed Swiper instance (`el.swiper`) — stop autoplay + slideTo(Loop)(0, 0);
+ *   2. the first pagination bullet (libraries resolve loop-mode clones themselves);
+ *   3. prev-arrow clicks back from the marked active slide's real index;
+ *   4. inline `translateX(0)` — only for a non-loop track with no controls (loop mode
+ *      prepends clones, so 0 is not home there; such a track is left paused as-is).
+ * Autoplay pause is best-effort-deterministic: Swiper via its instance; Splide/Slick/Glide
+ * pause on pointer-enter by default, so a synthetic mouseenter/mouseover latches them
+ * (nothing dispatches the matching mouseleave). Ends with a bounded wait for every track
+ * transform to stop changing so the caller snapshots a settled frame.
+ */
+export async function settleCarouselsInPage(): Promise<CarouselSettleResult> {
+  const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
+  const ROOT_SEL = ".splide, .swiper, .swiper-container, .slick-slider, .glide";
+  const TRACK_SEL = ".splide__list, .swiper-wrapper, .slick-track, .glide__slides";
+  const BULLET_SEL = ".splide__pagination__bullet, .swiper-pagination-bullet, .slick-dots button, .glide__bullet";
+  const PREV_SEL = ".splide__arrow--prev, .swiper-button-prev, .slick-prev, [data-glide-dir='<']";
+  const ACTIVE_SEL = ".is-active, .swiper-slide-active, .slick-current, .glide__slide--active";
+  const CLONE_SEL = ".splide__slide--clone, .swiper-slide-duplicate, .slick-cloned, .glide__slide--clone";
+  const txOf = (el: Element): number => {
+    try { return new DOMMatrixReadOnly(getComputedStyle(el).transform).m41; } catch { return 0; }
+  };
+
+  const roots = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(ROOT_SEL));
+  const tracks: Element[] = [];
+  let normalized = 0;
+  let neutralizedAnims = 0;
+  for (const root of roots) {
+    const track = Array.from(root.querySelectorAll(TRACK_SEL)).find((t) => t.closest(ROOT_SEL) === root);
+    if (!track) continue;
+    tracks.push(track);
+    // pause-on-hover latch (Splide/Slick default-on; Glide's hoverpause): synthetic
+    // pointer-enter with no matching leave keeps autoplay paused for the snapshot.
+    for (const t of [root, track.parentElement, track]) {
+      if (!t) continue;
+      try {
+        t.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("mouseenter", { bubbles: false }));
+        t.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("mouseover", { bubbles: true }));
+      } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+    // Neutralize the track's OWN animations only (scoped so motion.ts's marquee/rotator
+    // capture is untouched). CSS transitions/animations are CANCELED, not paused: pausing
+    // a CSSTransition disassociates it from style and it then HOLDS its frozen mid-flight
+    // transform, overriding the home navigation below (the declarative path reconstructs
+    // CSS motion from the IR, so canceling loses nothing). Pure WAAPI is PAUSED so it
+    // stays in getAnimations() with keyframes/timing intact for motion.ts to record.
+    try {
+      for (const a of (track as HTMLElement).getAnimations?.() ?? []) {
+        try {
+          const ctor = a.constructor.name;
+          if (ctor === "CSSTransition" || ctor === "CSSAnimation") a.cancel(); else a.pause();
+          neutralizedAnims++;
+        } catch { /* ignore */ }
+      }
+    } catch { /* ignore */ }
+
+    let home = false;
+    // 1) Swiper exposes its instance on the container.
+    const sw = (root as { swiper?: { autoplay?: { stop?: () => void }; slideTo?: (i: number, ms?: number) => void; slideToLoop?: (i: number, ms?: number) => void } }).swiper;
+    if (sw) {
+      try { sw.autoplay?.stop?.(); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+      try {
+        if (sw.slideToLoop) { sw.slideToLoop(0, 0); home = true; }
+        else if (sw.slideTo) { sw.slideTo(0, 0); home = true; }
+      } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+    // 2) First pagination bullet (clicked even if hidden at this width — a destroyed
+    //    breakpoint variant just ignores the click).
+    if (!home) {
+      const bullet = Array.from(root.querySelectorAll(BULLET_SEL)).find((b) => b.closest(ROOT_SEL) === root) as HTMLElement | undefined;
+      if (bullet) { try { bullet.click(); home = true; } catch { /* ignore */ } }
+    }
+    // 3) Step back from the marked active slide's real index with the prev arrow.
+    if (!home) {
+      const prev = Array.from(root.querySelectorAll(PREV_SEL)).find((b) => b.closest(ROOT_SEL) === root) as HTMLElement | undefined;
+      const active = Array.from(track.children).find((s) => s.matches(ACTIVE_SEL));
+      if (prev && active) {
+        const real = Array.from(track.children).filter((s) => !s.matches(CLONE_SEL));
+        const idx = real.indexOf(active);
+        if (idx >= 0) {
+          for (let k = 0; k < Math.min(idx, 30); k++) { try { prev.click(); } catch { break; } await sleep(90); }
+          home = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // 4) No controls: pin translateX(0) — home for a non-loop track. Loop mode prepends
+    //    clones (0 shows a clone), so a control-less loop track is left paused as-is.
+    if (!home) {
+      const isLoop = /--loop\b/.test(root.className) || track.querySelector(CLONE_SEL) != null;
+      if (!isLoop && Math.abs(txOf(track)) > 0.5) {
+        (track as HTMLElement).style.transform = "translateX(0px)";
+        home = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (home) normalized++;
+  }
+
+  // Bounded wait for the navigation transitions to land (and confirm nothing is still
+  // auto-advancing): every track transform stable for 3 consecutive samples.
+  if (tracks.length) {
+    let prevSig = tracks.map((t) => Math.round(txOf(t))).join(",");
+    let stable = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 14 && stable < 3; i++) {
+      await sleep(140);
+      const sig = tracks.map((t) => Math.round(txOf(t))).join(",");
+      if (sig === prevSig) stable++; else { stable = 0; prevSig = sig; }
+    }
+  }
+  return { roots: tracks.length, normalized, neutralizedAnims };
+}
+
+/** Node-side wrapper: bounded + never fatal. */
+export async function settleCarousels(page: Page): Promise<CarouselSettleResult> {
+  const empty: CarouselSettleResult = { roots: 0, normalized: 0, neutralizedAnims: 0 };
+  try {
+    return await Promise.race([
+      page.evaluate(settleCarouselsInPage),
+      new Promise<CarouselSettleResult>((res) => setTimeout(() => res(empty), 10_000)),
+    ]);
+  } catch {
+    return empty;
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- Force-reveal for element screenshots (runs in the page) ----
+
+/**
+ * A visibility:hidden video (entrance animation not yet fired) passes the size gate but
+ * `locator.screenshot` auto-waits for visibility and times out. Force the element and any
+ * hidden ancestor visible for the shot, recording each prior inline value so
+ * `restoreRevealForShot` puts everything back exactly. Returns how many were forced.
+ */
+export function forceRevealForShot(sel: string): number {
+  const el = document.querySelector(sel) as HTMLElement | null;
+  if (!el) return 0;
+  let n = 0;
+  for (let cur: HTMLElement | null = el; cur; cur = cur.parentElement) {
+    if (getComputedStyle(cur).visibility !== "hidden") continue;
+    const prev = cur.style.getPropertyValue("visibility");
+    const prio = cur.style.getPropertyPriority("visibility");
+    cur.setAttribute("data-clone-vis-restore", `${prio}|${prev}`);
+    cur.style.setProperty("visibility", "visible", "important");
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+/** Undo forceRevealForShot exactly (inline value + priority, or absence). */
+export function restoreRevealForShot(): void {
+  for (const el of Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[data-clone-vis-restore]")) as HTMLElement[]) {
+    const raw = el.getAttribute("data-clone-vis-restore") ?? "|";
+    el.removeAttribute("data-clone-vis-restore");
+    const i = raw.indexOf("|");
+    const prio = raw.slice(0, i);
+    const prev = raw.slice(i + 1);
+    if (prev) el.style.setProperty("visibility", prev, prio);
+    else el.style.removeProperty("visibility");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/src/capture/walker.ts b/compiler/src/capture/walker.ts
index 0959e14..0a36096 100644
--- a/compiler/src/capture/walker.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/capture/walker.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ export type RawNode = {
   sizing?: RawSizing;
   before?: RawStyle;
   after?: RawStyle;
+  // ::placeholder computed style for input/textarea with placeholder text. Without it the
+  // clone renders the browser's default gray, losing the authored placeholder color/type.
+  placeholder?: RawStyle;
   rawHTML?: string; // set for inline <svg>
   children: RawChild[];
 };
@@ -100,7 +103,9 @@ export type PageSnapshot = {
   keyframes: string[]; // raw @keyframes blocks from accessible sheets
 };
 
-export function collectPage(): PageSnapshot {
+// `| void` keeps the no-arg `page.evaluate(collectPage)` call sites type-compatible
+// (Playwright types the missing argument as void); frame grafts pass { maxNodes }.
+export function collectPage(opts?: { maxNodes?: number } | void): PageSnapshot {
   // NOTE: This function is serialized and run in the browser via page.evaluate,
   // so every constant/helper it uses must be declared INSIDE it (no module-scope
   // closure is available in the page).
@@ -167,11 +172,25 @@ export function collectPage(): PageSnapshot {
     "overflow", "objectFit",
   ];
 
+  // ::placeholder property set: the visual identity of placeholder text. Kept small —
+  // it inherits everything else from the input itself.
+  const PLACEHOLDER_PROPS: string[] = [
+    "color", "opacity", "fontFamily", "fontSize", "fontWeight", "fontStyle",
+    "letterSpacing", "textTransform",
+  ];
+
   const SKIP_TAGS = new Set([
     "script", "style", "link", "meta", "noscript", "template", "base", "title", "head",
   ]);
 
-  const MAX_NODES = 12000;
+  // Text-level tags whose whitespace-only text still renders even as the FIRST/ONLY
+  // child (the lone-space case below); a block container's stray whitespace does not.
+  const INLINE_TEXT_TAGS = new Set([
+    "span", "strong", "em", "b", "i", "a", "u", "small", "sub", "sup", "code", "abbr", "time", "label",
+  ]);
+
+  // Frame grafts pass a lower cap so one pathological embed can't dominate the snapshot.
+  const MAX_NODES = (opts && opts.maxNodes) || 12000;
 
   const round2 = (n: number): number => Math.round((n || 0) * 100) / 100;
   const scrollX = window.scrollX;
@@ -358,6 +377,13 @@ export function collectPage(): PageSnapshot {
       }
     } catch { /* ignore */ }
 
+    // ::placeholder: only meaningful on a control that shows placeholder text.
+    if ((tag === "input" || tag === "textarea") && (attrs.placeholder || "").trim()) {
+      try {
+        node.placeholder = grabStyle(window.getComputedStyle(el, "::placeholder"), PLACEHOLDER_PROPS);
+      } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+
     // Inline SVG → raw markup, no recursion.
     if (tag === "svg") {
       node.rawHTML = el.outerHTML;
@@ -379,6 +405,11 @@ export function collectPage(): PageSnapshot {
         } else if (t.length > 0 && node.children.length > 0) {
           // Preserve a single significant space between inline elements.
           node.children.push({ text: " " });
+        } else if (t.length > 0 && (/^inline/.test(cs.display) || INLINE_TEXT_TAGS.has(tag))) {
+          // Whitespace that is the FIRST/ONLY child of an inline element still renders
+          // (`of<strong> </strong>the` keeps its space); dropping it fuses the adjacent
+          // text runs. Scoped to inline parents so block containers stay empty.
+          node.children.push({ text: " " });
         }
         continue;
       }
diff --git a/compiler/src/cli.ts b/compiler/src/cli.ts
index c3ca9f4..ceb5d58 100755
--- a/compiler/src/cli.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/cli.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ export type CloneResult = {
   /** A stable, timestamp-free path to the app (via the `runs/<site>/latest` symlink),
    *  present in runs-layout mode when the symlink could be created. */
   stableAppDir?: string;
+  /** Visual assets (image/svg/video) that could not be downloaded — those boxes render
+   *  as placeholders. Surfaced in the CLI summary; details in generated/assets.json. */
+  visualAssetsMissing?: number;
 };
 
 export function siteIdFromUrl(url: string): string {
@@ -455,7 +458,8 @@ export async function runClone(opts: CloneOptions): Promise<CloneResult> {
   const gen = generateAll({ sourceDir, capture, viewports, sampleViewports: captureViewports, url: opts.url, outDir: generatedDir });
   logBoth({ event: "ir_built", nodes: gen.ir.doc.nodeCount });
   logBoth({ event: "inferred", sections: gen.sections.length, assets: gen.assetGraph.entries.length, fonts: gen.fontGraph.entries.length });
-  logBoth({ event: "generated", assetsCopied: gen.assetsCopied, assetsMissing: gen.assetsMissing.length });
+  const visualAssetsMissing = gen.assetGraph.entries.filter((e) => e.impact === "visual_missing").length;
+  logBoth({ event: "generated", assetsCopied: gen.assetsCopied, assetsMissing: gen.assetsMissing.length, visualAssetsMissing });
 
   // When the source capture lacks native probe flags (this sandbox can't reach the
   // live site through the egress proxy), optionally iterate render→regen so the LOCAL clone-probe
@@ -479,7 +483,7 @@ export async function runClone(opts: CloneOptions): Promise<CloneResult> {
     stableAppDir = writeLatestPointer(runsDir, siteId, runDir);
   }
 
-  return { runDir, sourceDir, appDir: out ? out.appDir : appDir, sourceUrl: opts.url, stableAppDir };
+  return { runDir, sourceDir, appDir: out ? out.appDir : appDir, sourceUrl: opts.url, stableAppDir, visualAssetsMissing };
 }
 
 /** Record the newest run for a site in the runs layout: a `latest.json` breadcrumb (used by
@@ -576,11 +580,11 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
   // --serve installs deps + starts the dev server after cloning; --open also launches the browser.
   const open = hasAnyFlag(args, ["--open"]);
   const serve = open || hasAnyFlag(args, ["--serve"]);
-  const finish = async (res: { appDir: string; stableAppDir?: string }) => {
+  const finish = async (res: { appDir: string; stableAppDir?: string; visualAssetsMissing?: number }) => {
     if (serve) {
       await serveApp(res.appDir, { open });
     } else {
-      process.stderr.write(doneSummary({ url, appDir: res.appDir, framework, stableAppDir: res.stableAppDir }));
+      process.stderr.write(doneSummary({ url, appDir: res.appDir, framework, stableAppDir: res.stableAppDir, visualAssetsMissing: res.visualAssetsMissing }));
     }
   };
   const vpArg = firstFlagValue(args, ["--dev-viewports", "--viewports"]);
diff --git a/compiler/src/cliSummary.ts b/compiler/src/cliSummary.ts
index fa56c3e..5d6c420 100644
--- a/compiler/src/cliSummary.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/cliSummary.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ export type DoneSummaryInput = {
   framework: "next" | "vite";
   /** Stable path (a `runs/<site>/latest` symlink target) preferred as the `cd` target when present. */
   stableAppDir?: string;
+  /** Visual assets (image/svg/video) that failed to download — those boxes paint as
+   *  placeholders in the clone. 0/undefined → line omitted. */
+  visualAssetsMissing?: number;
 };
 
 /** Double-quote a path for a POSIX shell so spaces and wrapping don't break copy-paste. */
@@ -46,6 +49,12 @@ export function doneSummary(input: DoneSummaryInput): string {
     "  Or re-run with --serve to install deps and start the dev server for you",
     "  (add --open to launch the browser too).",
   ];
+  if (input.visualAssetsMissing) {
+    const n = input.visualAssetsMissing;
+    lines.push("");
+    lines.push(`  ⚠ ${n} visual asset${n === 1 ? "" : "s"} could not be downloaded and will render as`);
+    lines.push(`    placeholders — see generated/assets.json (classification "skipped").`);
+  }
   if (input.stableAppDir && input.stableAppDir !== input.appDir) {
     lines.push("");
     lines.push(`  The path above is a stable pointer to the newest clone. This exact run:`);
diff --git a/compiler/src/generate/app.ts b/compiler/src/generate/app.ts
index 4592e11..456ad77 100644
--- a/compiler/src/generate/app.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/generate/app.ts
@@ -195,6 +195,35 @@ function resolveUrl(url: string, base: string): string {
   try { return new URL(url, base).href; } catch { return url; }
 }
 
+/** Srcset candidates rewritten to materialized local assets, order preserved;
+ *  candidates whose URL did not materialize are dropped (never placeholders —
+ *  srcset wins over src, so a placeholder would beat the rewritten fallback). */
+function keptSrcsetCandidates(value: string, assetMap: Map<string, string>, sourceUrl: string): string[] {
+  return value.split(",").map((p) => p.trim()).filter(Boolean).map((seg) => {
+    const sp = seg.split(/\s+/);
+    const abs = resolveUrl(sp[0] ?? "", sourceUrl);
+    const local = assetMap.get(abs);
+    return local ? [local, ...sp.slice(1)].join(" ") : null;
+  }).filter((x): x is string => x !== null);
+}
+
+/** True when a <video>'s own src or any child <source src> materialized locally —
+ *  the clone can then ship the real file instead of the poster-only fallback. */
+function videoHasLocalSource(node: IRNode, assetMap: Map<string, string>, sourceUrl: string): boolean {
+  if (node.attrs.src && assetMap.get(resolveUrl(node.attrs.src, sourceUrl))) return true;
+  return node.children.some((c) => !isTextChild(c) && c.tag === "source"
+    && !!c.attrs.src && !!assetMap.get(resolveUrl(c.attrs.src, sourceUrl)));
+}
+
+/** Whether a <source> element still points at anything after asset rewriting
+ *  (materialized src, or ≥1 surviving srcset candidate). A source with none is
+ *  omitted rather than emitted pointing at placeholders. */
+function sourceHasLocalCandidate(c: IRNode, assetMap: Map<string, string>, sourceUrl: string): boolean {
+  if (c.attrs.src && assetMap.get(resolveUrl(c.attrs.src, sourceUrl))) return true;
+  if (c.attrs.srcset && keptSrcsetCandidates(c.attrs.srcset, assetMap, sourceUrl).length > 0) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
 /** Default single-page link rewrite: a clone is self-contained, so a link that points
  *  back to the SOURCE origin is rewritten to an app-relative path (`/enterprise`) instead
  *  of the absolute source URL (`https://www.source.com/enterprise`) — otherwise every nav
@@ -284,39 +313,48 @@ export function propsList(node: IRNode, assetMap: Map<string, string>, sourceUrl
   const prim = ctx?.primitives?.get(node.id);
   if (prim) props.push(['"data-component"', JSON.stringify(prim)]);
 
-  // Stage 2: a <video> is rendered as its (first-frame) poster — a streamed source
-  // has no deterministic frame and its request aborts at snapshot time. Drop the
-  // streaming src + autoplay so only the poster paints; keep the poster (rewritten
-  // to a local still below). <source>/<track> children are dropped in renderNode.
+  // A <video> whose file materialized locally ships it, mirroring the captured
+  // playback attrs (autoplay/loop/muted/playsInline) faithfully. Otherwise it is
+  // rendered as its (first-frame) poster — a streamed source has no deterministic
+  // frame and its request aborts at snapshot time — dropping the streaming src +
+  // autoplay so only the poster paints; keep the poster (rewritten to a local
+  // still below). <source>/<track> children are filtered in emitChildren.
   const isVideo = node.tag === "video";
-  // An <iframe> embeds a third-party, non-deterministic document; reproducing it
+  const videoLocal = isVideo && videoHasLocalSource(node, assetMap, sourceUrl);
+  // An <iframe> embeds a third-party, non-deterministic document; reproducing it live
   // would break self-containment (rubric Gate 2) and can't be deterministic anyway.
-  // Keep the element as a placeholder sized by its captured box, but drop the
-  // document-loading attrs so it paints an empty frame instead of pulling content.
+  // When capture grafted the embedded document's subtree (graft.ts) the node renders as
+  // a <div> with those children (see resolveTag) — drop the frame-only attrs entirely
+  // (width/height would be invalid on a div; CSS keys the box). Otherwise keep the
+  // element as a placeholder sized by its captured box, minus the document-loading
+  // attrs, so it paints an empty frame instead of pulling content.
   const isIframe = node.tag === "iframe";
+  const iframeGrafted = isIframe && node.children.some((c) => !isTextChild(c));
   const attrKeys = Object.keys(node.attrs).sort();
   for (const key of attrKeys) {
     let value = node.attrs[key]!;
     if (key === "class" || key === "style" || key === "data-cid-cap") continue;
-    if (isVideo && (key === "src" || key === "autoplay" || key === "loop" || key === "preload")) continue;
+    if (isVideo && !videoLocal && (key === "src" || key === "autoplay" || key === "loop" || key === "preload")) continue;
     if (isIframe && (key === "src" || key === "srcdoc" || key === "name")) continue;
+    if (iframeGrafted && (key === "width" || key === "height")) continue;
 
     if (ASSET_ATTRS.has(key)) {
       const abs = resolveUrl(value, sourceUrl);
       const local = assetMap.get(abs);
-      value = local ?? TRANSPARENT_GIF; // never point back to a remote origin
+      // A poster that missed the asset map is DROPPED — a guaranteed-blank overlay
+      // hides the element's own background, strictly worse than showing it. A missed
+      // video/source src likewise (a placeholder is not playable; a local <source>
+      // child may still carry the file). Only <img> keeps the transparent-GIF
+      // fallback: never point back to a remote origin.
+      if (!local && (key === "poster" || node.tag === "video" || node.tag === "source")) continue;
+      value = local ?? TRANSPARENT_GIF;
     } else if (key === "srcset") {
       // Keep only candidates we actually materialized; drop the rest. Lazy-load
       // libraries seed srcset with 1x1 placeholders (data: GIFs) and swap in the
       // real URLs via JS — replaying those placeholders would beat the rewritten
       // `src` (srcset wins over src) and paint a blank box. If nothing survives,
       // omit srcset so the browser falls back to the real local `src`.
-      const kept = value.split(",").map((p) => p.trim()).filter(Boolean).map((seg) => {
-        const sp = seg.split(/\s+/);
-        const abs = resolveUrl(sp[0] ?? "", sourceUrl);
-        const local = assetMap.get(abs);
-        return local ? [local, ...sp.slice(1)].join(" ") : null;
-      }).filter((x): x is string => x !== null);
+      const kept = keptSrcsetCandidates(value, assetMap, sourceUrl);
       if (kept.length === 0) continue;
       value = kept.join(", ");
     } else if (key === "href") {
@@ -340,7 +378,7 @@ export function propsList(node: IRNode, assetMap: Map<string, string>, sourceUrl
     }
   }
 
-  if (isVideo && !props.some(([k]) => k === "preload")) props.push(["preload", JSON.stringify("none")]);
+  if (isVideo && !videoLocal && !props.some(([k]) => k === "preload")) props.push(["preload", JSON.stringify("none")]);
 
   if (node.rawHTML && node.tag === "svg") {
     // Strip the Stage-4 capture-id (`data-cid-cap`) the interaction pass stamps on
@@ -504,6 +542,10 @@ export function resolveTag(node: IRNode, insideInteractive: boolean, insideTable
     const disp = (node.computedByVp[1280] ?? Object.values(node.computedByVp)[0])?.display ?? "";
     tag = /inline(?!-block|-flex|-grid)/.test(disp) ? "span" : "div";
   }
+  // An iframe with grafted children (capture/graft.ts) is a real subtree, not an embed:
+  // children inside <iframe> are unrendered fallback content, so emit a <div> container
+  // carrying the iframe's box/styles (CSS is keyed by cid, so the geometry is identical).
+  if (tag === "iframe" && node.children.some((c) => !isTextChild(c))) tag = "div";
   if (TABLE_SCOPED.has(tag) && !insideTable) tag = "div"; // orphan table element → neutral box
   if (violatesContentModel(node, tag)) tag = "div";
   return tag;
@@ -579,7 +621,11 @@ function emitChildren(children: IRChild[], parentTag: string | null, assetMap: M
       textBuf += c.text;
       continue;
     }
-    if (parentTag === "video" && (c.tag === "source" || c.tag === "track")) continue;
+    if (parentTag === "video" && c.tag === "track") continue; // caption files are not captured
+    // A <picture>/<video> `<source>` is emitted only when a candidate materialized
+    // locally: a video source otherwise falls back to poster-only rendering, a
+    // picture source must never point its media band at a placeholder.
+    if ((parentTag === "video" || parentTag === "picture") && c.tag === "source" && !sourceHasLocalCandidate(c, assetMap, sourceUrl)) continue;
     // Section split: a section-root child is hoisted into its own module and replaced
     // by a `<HeroSection />` placeholder. Rendered once (subtree → module body); the
     // composed DOM is identical to inlining (same tags/cids/classes).
@@ -1117,8 +1163,11 @@ function emitVariantSkeleton(componentName: string, instances: IRNode[], variant
       instances.forEach((n, k) => { runText![k] += (n.children[i] as IRTextNode).text; });
       continue;
     }
-    if (tag === "video" && (repr.children[i] as IRNode).tag === "source") continue;
     if (tag === "video" && (repr.children[i] as IRNode).tag === "track") continue;
+    // Mirror emitChildren: a <source> child survives only with a materialized candidate
+    // (judged on the representative — instances share the capture's asset set).
+    if ((tag === "video" || tag === "picture") && (repr.children[i] as IRNode).tag === "source"
+      && !sourceHasLocalCandidate(repr.children[i] as IRNode, assetMap, sourceUrl)) continue;
     flushText();
     const subNodes = instances.map((n) => n.children[i] as IRNode);
     const sub = emitVariantSkeleton(componentName, subNodes, variants, childInteractive, indent + 1, dataRows, styleRows, cids, gen, styleGen, slots, assetMap, sourceUrl, ctx, childTable, [...ancestors, repr.tag]);
@@ -1498,8 +1547,11 @@ function emitSkeleton(instances: IRNode[], insideInteractive: boolean, indent: n
       instances.forEach((n, k) => { runText![k] += (n.children[i] as IRTextNode).text; });
       continue;
     }
-    if (tag === "video" && (repr.children[i] as IRNode).tag === "source") continue;
     if (tag === "video" && (repr.children[i] as IRNode).tag === "track") continue;
+    // Mirror emitChildren: a <source> child survives only with a materialized candidate
+    // (judged on the representative — instances share the capture's asset set).
+    if ((tag === "video" || tag === "picture") && (repr.children[i] as IRNode).tag === "source"
+      && !sourceHasLocalCandidate(repr.children[i] as IRNode, assetMap, sourceUrl)) continue;
     flushText();
     const sub = emitSkeleton(instances.map((n) => n.children[i] as IRNode), childInteractive, indent + 1, dataRows, styleRows, cids, gen, styleGen, assetMap, sourceUrl, ctx, childTable, [...ancestors, repr.tag]);
     if (sub === null) return null;
@@ -2478,6 +2530,7 @@ export function generateApp(input: GenerateInput, tokensCss: string): { pageTsx:
     const globals = tailwindGlobalsCss({
       reset: RESET_CSS, fontCss: fontGraph.css, tokensCss: tokensCss + (tw.colorDefsCss ? "\n" + tw.colorDefsCss : ""),
       htmlBg, bodyFont: SYSTEM_FALLBACK, clip, colorTokens: tw.colorTokens, viewports: ir.doc.viewports,
+      canonical: ir.doc.canonicalViewport,
     });
     writeText(join(rootDir, "globals.css"), framework === "vite" ? viteGlobalsCss(globals) : globals);
   } else {
@@ -2685,6 +2738,8 @@ const nextConfig = {
   reactStrictMode: false,
   eslint: { ignoreDuringBuilds: true },
   typescript: { ignoreBuildErrors: true },
+  // The dev-tools badge would leak into reviewer/validator screenshots.
+  devIndicators: false,
 };
 export default nextConfig;
 `;
diff --git a/compiler/src/generate/classMap.ts b/compiler/src/generate/classMap.ts
index b60859a..0f26ae2 100644
--- a/compiler/src/generate/classMap.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/generate/classMap.ts
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ function signature(nr: NodeRule): string {
   for (const b of nr.bands) s += `@${b.media}{${serDecls(b.decls)}}`;
   if (nr.before) { s += "::before{" + serDecls(nr.before.base); for (const b of nr.before.bands) s += `@${b.media}{${serDecls(b.decls)}}`; s += "}"; }
   if (nr.after) { s += "::after{" + serDecls(nr.after.base); for (const b of nr.after.bands) s += `@${b.media}{${serDecls(b.decls)}}`; s += "}"; }
+  if (nr.placeholder) { s += "::placeholder{" + serDecls(nr.placeholder.base); for (const b of nr.placeholder.bands) s += `@${b.media}{${serDecls(b.decls)}}`; s += "}"; }
   return s;
 }
 
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ function splitRule(nr: NodeRule): { typo: NodeRule; layout: NodeRule; box: NodeR
   const b0 = partition(nr.base);
   const typo: NodeRule = { base: b0.typo, bands: [] };
   const layout: NodeRule = { base: b0.layout, bands: [] };
-  const box: NodeRule = { base: b0.box, bands: [], before: nr.before, after: nr.after };
+  const box: NodeRule = { base: b0.box, bands: [], before: nr.before, after: nr.after, placeholder: nr.placeholder };
   for (const band of nr.bands) {
     const bs = partition(band.decls);
     if (bs.typo.size) typo.bands.push({ media: band.media, decls: bs.typo });
diff --git a/compiler/src/generate/css.ts b/compiler/src/generate/css.ts
index 98a1dde..5df215c 100644
--- a/compiler/src/generate/css.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/generate/css.ts
@@ -91,6 +91,11 @@ const GENERIC: Array<{ prop: string; def: string | string[] }> = [
   { prop: "bottom", def: "auto" }, { prop: "left", def: "auto" },
   { prop: "float", def: "none" }, { prop: "clear", def: "none" },
   { prop: "zIndex", def: "auto" },
+  // visibility is INHERITED, so the parent-equality skip keeps descendants of a
+  // hidden subtree clean; without this entry a node hidden at the canonical
+  // viewport could never emit `visibility:hidden` at all (the only other path is
+  // per-band and gated on being shown at base).
+  { prop: "visibility", def: "visible" },
   { prop: "opacity", def: "1" }, { prop: "isolation", def: "auto" },
   { prop: "mixBlendMode", def: "normal" },
   { prop: "minWidth", def: ["0px", "auto"] }, { prop: "maxWidth", def: "none" },
@@ -2305,7 +2310,14 @@ function declsForViewport(
     }
 
     // Inherited: skip when equal to parent's value (inheritance handles it).
-    if (INHERITED.has(prop) && parentComputed && parentComputed[prop] === value) continue;
+    // Exception: the reset (`ul, ol, menu { list-style: none; }`) breaks the list-marker
+    // inheritance chain on those tags, so parent-equality is not a safe elision there —
+    // a source <ul> with `disc` equals its parent's initial `disc` yet must still emit
+    // or the reset erases the markers. <li> inherits from the ul, which now emits.
+    if (INHERITED.has(prop) && parentComputed && parentComputed[prop] === value) {
+      const listMarkerReset = (prop === "listStyleType" || prop === "listStylePosition") && /^(ul|ol|menu)$/.test(tag);
+      if (!listMarkerReset) continue;
+    }
 
     let outValue = value;
     if (prop === "backgroundImage" || prop === "maskImage" || prop === "filter" || prop === "clipPath") {
@@ -2586,7 +2598,41 @@ function pseudoDecls(style: StyleMap, assetMap: Map<string, string>): Map<string
 // the grouped class produces identical computed styles (fidelity-neutral).
 export type BandRule = { media: string; decls: Map<string, string> };
 export type PseudoRule = { base: Map<string, string>; bands: BandRule[] };
-export type NodeRule = { base: Map<string, string>; bands: BandRule[]; before?: PseudoRule; after?: PseudoRule };
+export type NodeRule = { base: Map<string, string>; bands: BandRule[]; before?: PseudoRule; after?: PseudoRule; placeholder?: PseudoRule };
+
+/** ::placeholder declarations for a form control. Color always emits (the UA default is
+ *  its own gray, NOT inherited from the input, so equality with the host proves nothing);
+ *  font/spacing props DO inherit from the input inside the pseudo, so they emit only when
+ *  they differ from the host's own computed value. */
+function placeholderDecls(style: StyleMap, host: StyleMap | undefined): Map<string, string> {
+  const decls = new Map<string, string>();
+  if (style.color) decls.set("color", style.color);
+  if (style.opacity && style.opacity !== "1") decls.set("opacity", style.opacity);
+  for (const prop of ["fontFamily", "fontSize", "fontWeight", "fontStyle", "letterSpacing", "textTransform"]) {
+    const v = style[prop];
+    if (!v || (host && host[prop] === v)) continue;
+    decls.set(kebab(prop), v);
+  }
+  return decls;
+}
+
+/** Banded ::placeholder rule (mirrors collectPseudoRule's base+delta shape). */
+function collectPlaceholderRule(styleByVp: Record<number, StyleMap>, hostByVp: Record<number, StyleMap>, baseVp: number, bands: Band[], tokenResolver?: TokenResolver): PseudoRule | undefined {
+  const baseStyle = styleByVp[baseVp] ?? Object.values(styleByVp)[0];
+  if (!baseStyle) return undefined;
+  const out: PseudoRule = { base: finalizeDecls(placeholderDecls(baseStyle, hostByVp[baseVp]), tokenResolver), bands: [] };
+  for (const b of bands) {
+    if (!b.media) continue;
+    const st = styleByVp[b.vp];
+    if (!st) continue; // control not rendered at this width — the host rule already hides it
+    const vpDecls = finalizeDecls(placeholderDecls(st, hostByVp[b.vp]), tokenResolver);
+    const delta = new Map<string, string>();
+    for (const [k, v] of vpDecls) if (out.base.get(k) !== v) delta.set(k, v);
+    for (const [k] of out.base) if (!vpDecls.has(k)) delta.set(k, resetValue(k));
+    if (delta.size > 0) out.bands.push({ media: b.media, decls: delta });
+  }
+  return out.base.size > 0 ? out : undefined;
+}
 
 /** Collect a pseudo-element's banded rule (its size/position can be responsive —
  * e.g. flex spacer pseudo-elements in horizontal scrollers). `hostContentWidthByVp`
@@ -2940,20 +2986,47 @@ export function collectNodeRules(ir: IR, assetMap: Map<string, string>, includeN
       // Node was not in the observed DOM at this width (responsive conditional
       // rendering): hide it so the clone matches the source at this viewport.
       if (!node.computedByVp[b.vp]) { nr.bands.push({ media: b.media, decls: new Map([["display", "none"]]) }); continue; }
-      // The node isn't PAINTED at this width — either it goes `display:none` itself, or an ancestor
-      // hides the whole subtree. Its box renders nothing, so any width/height/inset/padding override
-      // here is invisible: pure breakpoint noise. Emit ONLY the hide, and only when the node ITSELF
-      // is the one turning off (was shown at base); if an ancestor hides it, emit nothing at all —
-      // that ancestor's own `display:none` already removes this node with it.
-      const ownNone = (node.computedByVp[b.vp]?.display || "") === "none";
-      if (ownNone || !node.visibleByVp[b.vp]) {
+      // The node isn't PAINTED at this width. HOW it is hidden decides what to emit, because only
+      // `display:none` takes the box out of layout — a `visibility:hidden` box still occupies space
+      // and can extend the scrollable area. The base rule bakes CANONICAL geometry unconditionally,
+      // so skipping every override here can park e.g. a desktop `left:548px` slider arrow inside a
+      // 375px viewport: invisible, but +210px of sideways scroll.
+      const vpCs = node.computedByVp[b.vp]!;
+      const ownNone = (vpCs.display || "") === "none";
+      // The node ITSELF is visibility:hidden here (its parent isn't → not inherited from an
+      // ancestor whose own rule already carries the hide).
+      const ownHidden = !ownNone && /^(hidden|collapse)$/.test(vpCs.visibility || "") &&
+        !/^(hidden|collapse)$/.test(parentNode?.computedByVp[b.vp]?.visibility || "");
+      if (ownHidden) {
+        const bb = node.bboxByVp[b.vp];
+        if (!bb || bb.width <= 0 || bb.height <= 0) {
+          // The hidden box occupied NOTHING in the capture (0×0 — e.g. an uninitialised swiper
+          // arrow collapsed by its container). `display:none` reproduces "invisible, takes no
+          // space" exactly and guarantees it cannot extend scroll bounds at this width.
+          nr.bands.push({ media: b.media, decls: new Map([["display", "none"]]) });
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Non-zero bbox: the invisible box occupies real layout space. Fall through to the normal
+        // per-viewport delta so it sits where the capture measured it at THIS width — not at the
+        // canonical geometry the base rule baked. The hide itself rides along in the delta
+        // (declsForViewport emits `visibility:hidden`; parent-equality keeps it own-only).
+      } else if (ownNone || !node.visibleByVp[b.vp]) {
         const shownAtBase = node.visibleByVp[baseVp] && (node.computedByVp[baseVp]?.display || "") !== "none";
-        if (ownNone && shownAtBase) nr.bands.push({ media: b.media, decls: new Map([["display", "none"]]) });
-        else if (shownAtBase) {
-          const vpCs = node.computedByVp[b.vp];
+        if (ownNone) {
+          // Own display:none removes the box from layout entirely. Emit the hide even when the node
+          // is ALSO hidden at base — a visibility:hidden base still bakes an OCCUPYING box (see
+          // above), so without this band the canonical geometry would render at this width. Skip
+          // only when the base itself is display:none (the band would be redundant).
+          if ((node.computedByVp[baseVp]?.display || "") !== "none") {
+            nr.bands.push({ media: b.media, decls: new Map([["display", "none"]]) });
+          }
+        } else if (shownAtBase) {
+          // Hidden by an ancestor (or zero-size / opacity:0): geometry overrides are breakpoint
+          // noise — the ancestor's own hide (or the reveal replay, for scroll-reveal opacity)
+          // covers it. Emit only the hide the node itself carries.
           const hide = new Map<string, string>();
-          if (vpCs && pf(vpCs.opacity) === 0 && !animOwned.has("opacity")) hide.set("opacity", "0");
-          if (vpCs && /^(hidden|collapse)$/.test(vpCs.visibility || "")) hide.set("visibility", "hidden");
+          if (pf(vpCs.opacity) === 0 && !animOwned.has("opacity")) hide.set("opacity", "0");
+          if (/^(hidden|collapse)$/.test(vpCs.visibility || "")) hide.set("visibility", "hidden");
           if (hide.size) nr.bands.push({ media: b.media, decls: hide });
         }
         continue;
@@ -2997,6 +3070,9 @@ export function collectNodeRules(ir: IR, assetMap: Map<string, string>, includeN
         nr.after = collectPseudoRule(node.afterByVp, baseVp, bands, assetMap, tokenResolver, hostCW, padW, padH);
       }
     }
+    if (node.placeholderByVp) {
+      nr.placeholder = collectPlaceholderRule(node.placeholderByVp, node.computedByVp, baseVp, bands, tokenResolver);
+    }
     rules.set(node.id, nr);
 
     for (const c of node.children) if (!isTextChild(c)) walk(c, node, childFluid, childLayoutParent, childCb, childDefiniteHeight);
@@ -3026,9 +3102,11 @@ export function assembleCss(
     if (nr.base.size > 0) baseRules.push(formatRule(sel, nr.base));
     if (nr.before) baseRules.push(formatRule(`${sel}::before`, nr.before.base));
     if (nr.after) baseRules.push(formatRule(`${sel}::after`, nr.after.base));
+    if (nr.placeholder) baseRules.push(formatRule(`${sel}::placeholder`, nr.placeholder.base));
     for (const b of nr.bands) bandRules.get(b.media)?.push(formatRule(sel, b.decls));
     if (nr.before) for (const b of nr.before.bands) bandRules.get(b.media)?.push(formatRule(`${sel}::before`, b.decls));
     if (nr.after) for (const b of nr.after.bands) bandRules.get(b.media)?.push(formatRule(`${sel}::after`, b.decls));
+    if (nr.placeholder) for (const b of nr.placeholder.bands) bandRules.get(b.media)?.push(formatRule(`${sel}::placeholder`, b.decls));
   }
   const parts: string[] = [];
   if (keyframes) parts.push(keyframes);
diff --git a/compiler/src/generate/motion.ts b/compiler/src/generate/motion.ts
index e11e9b5..d1dabbb 100644
--- a/compiler/src/generate/motion.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/generate/motion.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,13 @@ import type { MotionCapture, WaapiAnim, RotatorSpec, RevealSpec, MarqueeSpec } f
 
 export type RTWaapi = { cid: string; keyframes: Array<Record<string, string | number>>; duration: number; delay: number; easing: string; iterations: number; direction: string; fill: string };
 export type RTRotator = { cid: string; texts: string[]; intervalMs: number };
-export type RTReveal = { cid: string; opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string };
+// Reveal families: transition (hidden via opacity/transform, revealed by the element's own
+// transition) and visibility+entrance-class (hidden via visibility, revealed with a named
+// keyframe animation — Elementor/WOW/AOS; the @keyframes ship in the page CSS).
+export type RTReveal = {
+  cid: string; opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string;
+  visibility?: "hidden"; animationName?: string; animationDuration?: string; animationDelay?: string; animationTiming?: string;
+};
 export type RTMarquee = { cid: string; pxPerSec: number; periodPx: number };
 export type MotionSpec = { waapi: RTWaapi[]; rotators: RTRotator[]; reveals: RTReveal[]; marquees: RTMarquee[] };
 
@@ -58,7 +64,16 @@ export function buildMotionSpec(ir: IR, motion: MotionCapture | undefined, inclu
   for (const rv of (motion.reveals ?? []) as RevealSpec[]) {
     const cid = map.get(rv.cap);
     if (!ok(cid)) continue;
-    reveals.push({ cid, opacity: rv.opacity, transform: rv.transform, transition: rv.transition });
+    reveals.push({
+      cid, opacity: rv.opacity, transform: rv.transform, transition: rv.transition,
+      ...(rv.visibility === "hidden" ? { visibility: rv.visibility } : {}),
+      ...(rv.animationName ? {
+        animationName: rv.animationName,
+        animationDuration: rv.animationDuration,
+        animationDelay: rv.animationDelay,
+        animationTiming: rv.animationTiming,
+      } : {}),
+    });
   }
   const marquees: RTMarquee[] = [];
   for (const m of (motion.marquees ?? []) as MarqueeSpec[]) {
@@ -92,7 +107,10 @@ import { useEffect } from "react";
 
 type RTWaapi = { cid: string; keyframes: Array<Record<string, string | number>>; duration: number; delay: number; easing: string; iterations: number; direction: string; fill: string };
 type RTRotator = { cid: string; texts: string[]; intervalMs: number };
-type RTReveal = { cid: string; opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string };
+type RTReveal = {
+  cid: string; opacity: string; transform: string; transition: string;
+  visibility?: "hidden"; animationName?: string; animationDuration?: string; animationDelay?: string; animationTiming?: string;
+};
 type RTMarquee = { cid: string; pxPerSec: number; periodPx: number };
 export type MotionSpec = { waapi: RTWaapi[]; rotators: RTRotator[]; reveals: RTReveal[]; marquees: RTMarquee[] };
 
@@ -111,7 +129,8 @@ export default function DittoMotion({ spec }: { spec: MotionSpec }) {
     const intervals: ReturnType<typeof setInterval>[] = [];
     const rotators: Array<{ el: HTMLElement; original: string | null }> = [];
     const anims: Animation[] = [];
-    const revealed: Array<() => void> = []; // per-reveal "show now" fns (also the cleanup)
+    // per-reveal "show now" fns (also the cleanup); animate=false jumps to the settled frame
+    const revealed: Array<(animate: boolean) => void> = [];
     let io: IntersectionObserver | null = null;
     let forceTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
 
@@ -153,29 +172,59 @@ export default function DittoMotion({ spec }: { spec: MotionSpec }) {
       intervals.push(setInterval(() => { i = (i + 1) % r.texts.length; el.textContent = r.texts[i]!; }, Math.max(400, r.intervalMs)));
     }
 
-    // Scroll reveals: hide each element (opacity/transform) with the captured transition,
-    // then reveal (clear the inline overrides → transitions to the base CSS) when it scrolls
-    // into view. A force-reveal timer guarantees nothing stays hidden if the observer misses.
+    // Scroll reveals: re-hide each element (JS-applied on mount, so non-JS/SSR still shows
+    // the content), then reveal when it scrolls into view. Two families:
+    //   - transition — hide via opacity/transform, reveal by transitioning to full;
+    //   - visibility+entrance-class (Elementor/WOW/AOS) — hide via visibility with the baked
+    //     entrance animation suppressed, reveal by restarting the captured @keyframes
+    //     (they ship in the page CSS under the captured animation-name).
+    // A force-reveal timer guarantees nothing stays hidden if the observer misses.
     if (spec.reveals.length) {
       // Reveal to the full resting state. Setting 1/none (not clearing to base) is correct for
       // every reveal — the revealed state is always full + un-offset — and is REQUIRED for
       // scroll-scrub panels whose captured base CSS is a frozen mid-scrub value (opacity 0.63).
-      const show = (el: HTMLElement) => { el.style.opacity = "1"; el.style.transform = "none"; };
-      const byEl = new Map<Element, HTMLElement>();
+      // animate=false (validator settle path) jumps straight to the settled frame so no
+      // measurement can catch a mid-entrance value.
+      const show = (el: HTMLElement, rv: RTReveal, animate: boolean) => {
+        el.style.opacity = "1"; el.style.transform = "none";
+        if (rv.visibility === "hidden") el.style.visibility = "visible";
+        if (rv.animationName) {
+          if (animate) {
+            // restart the entrance from t=0: none -> name starts a fresh animation
+            el.style.animationName = "none";
+            void el.offsetWidth;
+            el.style.animationName = rv.animationName;
+            el.style.animationDuration = rv.animationDuration || "1s";
+            el.style.animationDelay = rv.animationDelay || "0s";
+            el.style.animationTimingFunction = rv.animationTiming || "ease";
+            el.style.animationFillMode = "both";
+            el.style.animationIterationCount = "1";
+          } else {
+            el.style.animationName = "none"; // settled frame: keep the entrance suppressed
+          }
+        }
+      };
+      const shows = new Map<Element, (animate: boolean) => void>();
       for (const rv of spec.reveals) {
         const el = byCid(rv.cid);
         if (!el) continue;
-        el.style.transition = rv.transition;
-        el.style.opacity = rv.opacity;
-        if (rv.transform !== "none") el.style.transform = rv.transform;
-        byEl.set(el, el);
-        revealed.push(() => show(el));
+        if (rv.visibility === "hidden") {
+          el.style.visibility = "hidden";
+          el.style.animationName = "none"; // don't burn the baked entrance while hidden
+        } else {
+          el.style.transition = rv.transition;
+          el.style.opacity = rv.opacity;
+          if (rv.transform !== "none") el.style.transform = rv.transform;
+        }
+        const fn = (animate: boolean) => show(el, rv, animate);
+        shows.set(el, fn);
+        revealed.push(fn);
       }
       io = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
-        for (const e of entries) if (e.isIntersecting) { const el = byEl.get(e.target); if (el) { show(el); io!.unobserve(e.target); } }
+        for (const e of entries) if (e.isIntersecting) { const f = shows.get(e.target); if (f) { f(true); io!.unobserve(e.target); } }
       }, { rootMargin: "0px 0px -8% 0px" });
-      for (const el of byEl.keys()) io.observe(el);
-      forceTimer = setTimeout(() => { for (const f of revealed) f(); }, 4000);
+      for (const el of shows.keys()) io.observe(el);
+      forceTimer = setTimeout(() => { for (const f of revealed) f(true); }, 4000);
     }
 
     const stopAll = () => {
@@ -185,7 +234,7 @@ export default function DittoMotion({ spec }: { spec: MotionSpec }) {
       for (const a of anims) { try { a.cancel(); } catch { /* ignore */ } }
       if (io) io.disconnect();
       if (forceTimer) clearTimeout(forceTimer);
-      for (const f of revealed) f(); // reveal everything → base CSS settled frame
+      for (const f of revealed) f(false); // reveal everything, settled → base CSS graded frame
     };
     // Measurement hook: restore the fully-settled/revealed base for grading.
     (window as any).__dittoMotionStop = stopAll;
diff --git a/compiler/src/generate/seo.ts b/compiler/src/generate/seo.ts
index 32a8480..1227f4c 100644
--- a/compiler/src/generate/seo.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/generate/seo.ts
@@ -273,6 +273,15 @@ function iconUrl(icon: SeoInventory["icons"][number]): string {
   return icon.localPath || icon.href;
 }
 
+// Next validates metadata.openGraph.type against this fixed enum and THROWS at
+// render on anything else (e.g. Shopify's `product.group`). Unsupported values
+// are emitted via metadata.other instead so the tag survives without the crash.
+const NEXT_OG_TYPES = new Set([
+  "website", "article", "book", "profile",
+  "music.song", "music.album", "music.playlist", "music.radio_station",
+  "video.movie", "video.episode", "video.tv_show", "video.other",
+]);
+
 function metadataObject(report: SeoInventory): Record<string, unknown> {
   const metadata: Record<string, unknown> = { title: report.title || "Cloned Page" };
   if (report.description) metadata.description = report.description;
@@ -297,9 +306,13 @@ function metadataObject(report: SeoInventory): Record<string, unknown> {
   const ogSiteName = firstValue(ogEntries, "og:site_name");
   const ogUrl = firstValue(ogEntries, "og:url");
   const ogImages = ogEntries.filter((entry) => entry.property?.toLowerCase() === "og:image").map((entry) => entry.content);
+  const other: Record<string, string> = {};
   if (ogTitle) og.title = ogTitle;
   if (ogDescription) og.description = ogDescription;
-  if (ogType) og.type = ogType;
+  if (ogType) {
+    if (NEXT_OG_TYPES.has(ogType)) og.type = ogType;
+    else other["og:type"] = ogType;
+  }
   if (ogSiteName) og.siteName = ogSiteName;
   if (ogUrl) og.url = ogUrl;
   if (ogImages.length) og.images = ogImages;
@@ -335,6 +348,7 @@ function metadataObject(report: SeoInventory): Record<string, unknown> {
   }
   if (Object.keys(icons).length) metadata.icons = icons;
   if (report.manifest) metadata.manifest = report.manifest.localPath || report.manifest.href;
+  if (Object.keys(other).length) metadata.other = other;
   return metadata;
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/generate/tailwind.ts b/compiler/src/generate/tailwind.ts
index 5a1a2b8..f96d625 100644
--- a/compiler/src/generate/tailwind.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/generate/tailwind.ts
@@ -99,6 +99,14 @@ const SPACE_SCALE = new Set<string>([
 ]);
 // Props that take 100% → the `-full` named utility (exact: w-full ≡ width:100%).
 const PCT_FULL = new Set<string>(["width", "height", "min-width", "max-width", "min-height", "max-height"]);
+// ARB props whose named Tailwind v4 scale really includes a bare `0` step: the spacing-scale props
+// (w-0, top-0, leading-0, indent-0, …) plus the numeric scales grow/shrink/basis/order/z/opacity.
+// font-size, letter-spacing, the radius corners and object-position have NO `-0` utility — `text-0`
+// / `tracking-0` compile to NOTHING in v4 (a silent no-op: a map label captured at font-size:0
+// painted at the inherited 20px) — so their zeros must stay arbitrary (`text-[0px]`).
+const ZERO_NAMED = new Set<string>([
+  ...SPACE_SCALE, "flex-grow", "flex-shrink", "flex-basis", "order", "z-index", "opacity",
+]);
 const ORIGIN_NAMED: Record<string, string> = {
   center: "origin-center", top: "origin-top", "top right": "origin-top-right", right: "origin-right",
   "bottom right": "origin-bottom-right", bottom: "origin-bottom", "bottom left": "origin-bottom-left",
@@ -141,8 +149,9 @@ function transformNeedsOrigin(v: string | undefined): boolean {
   return !!v && v !== "none" && translateOffsets(v) === null;
 }
 
-/** Translate ONE computed declaration into a Tailwind utility (no responsive prefix). */
-function declToUtil(prop: string, value: string): string {
+/** Translate ONE computed declaration into a Tailwind utility (no responsive prefix).
+ *  Exported for tests (the zero-value gating is load-bearing: an invalid utility is a SILENT no-op). */
+export function declToUtil(prop: string, value: string): string {
   // Colors → named theme tokens when tokenized (bg-primary), else arbitrary value.
   if (prop === "color") { const n = tokenName(value); return n ? `text-${n}` : `text-[color:${arb(value)}]`; }
   if (prop === "background-color") { const n = tokenName(value); return n ? `bg-${n}` : `bg-[${arb(value)}]`; }
@@ -229,7 +238,11 @@ function declToUtil(prop: string, value: string): string {
       const n = spacingSteps(value);
       if (n !== null) return n < 0 ? `-${ARB[prop]}-${-n}` : `${ARB[prop]}-${n}`;
     }
-    if (value === "0" || value === "0px" || value === "0rem") return `${ARB[prop]}-0`; // bare/unitless zero
+    // Bare/unitless zero — the named `-0` only where that utility actually exists (ZERO_NAMED);
+    // elsewhere emit the exact arbitrary length so the declaration really compiles.
+    if (value === "0" || value === "0px" || value === "0rem") {
+      return ZERO_NAMED.has(prop) ? `${ARB[prop]}-0` : `${ARB[prop]}-[0px]`;
+    }
     return `${ARB[prop]}-[${arb(value)}]`;
   }
   if (/^border-(top|right|bottom|left)-width$/.test(prop)) {
@@ -261,25 +274,47 @@ function declToUtil(prop: string, value: string): string {
 
 /** Responsive variant prefix for a band's media query. For the standard capture ladder
  *  (375/768/1280/1920, canonical 1280) the per-viewport bands are the midpoints 571/1024/1600,
- *  which we map to the CONVENTIONAL Tailwind breakpoints a human would author — `max-md:`
- *  (mobile, <768), `md:max-lg:` (tablet, 768–1023), `2xl:` (wide, ≥1536) — leaving 1280 as the
- *  unprefixed base. Each reproduces the captured width EXACTLY (the style gate measures only at
- *  375/768/1280/1920), while between-width behaviour follows the standard breakpoints instead of
- *  arbitrary midpoint pixels. Non-standard viewport sets fall back to the exact arbitrary band. */
-function prefixFor(media: string): string {
+ *  which we map to the CONVENTIONAL Tailwind breakpoint NAMES a human would author — `max-md:`
+ *  (mobile), `md:max-lg:` (tablet), `2xl:` (wide) — leaving 1280 as the unprefixed base. The
+ *  generated @theme redefines those screens to the band boundaries (bandScreens), so every named
+ *  variant flips at EXACTLY the same width as the ditto.css band media query (Tailwind's stock
+ *  768/1024/1536 would open windows — e.g. 1536–1600 — where utilities and ditto.css rules
+ *  disagree). Non-standard viewport sets fall back to the exact arbitrary band. */
+export function prefixFor(media: string): string {
   const min = /min-width:\s*(\d+)px/.exec(media);
   const max = /max-width:\s*(\d+)px/.exec(media);
   const lo = min ? +min[1]! : 0;
   const hi = max ? +max[1]! : Infinity;
-  if (!min && hi === 571) return "max-md:";            // 375 sample → below md (768)
-  if (lo === 572 && hi === 1024) return "md:max-lg:";  // 768 sample → md … below lg (1024)
-  if (lo === 1601 && !max) return "2xl:";              // 1920 sample → at/above 2xl (1536)
+  if (!min && hi === 571) return "max-md:";            // 375 sample band (md pinned to 572)
+  if (lo === 572 && hi === 1024) return "md:max-lg:";  // 768 sample band (lg pinned to 1025)
+  if (lo === 1601 && !max) return "2xl:";              // 1920 sample band (2xl pinned to 1601)
   let p = "";
   if (min) p += `min-[${lo}px]:`;
-  if (max) p += `max-[${hi}px]:`;
+  // v4 max-* is STRICT (`width < X`) while the band's max-width is inclusive → pin to hi+1.
+  if (max) p += `max-[${hi + 1}px]:`;
   return p;
 }
 
+/** Named-screen overrides for the generated @theme, derived from the SAME bands prefixFor
+ *  names. Invariant: for every band, the Tailwind variant prefix and the ditto.css media
+ *  query produce the same min/max boundaries. Tailwind v4 compiles `X:` to `width >= X`
+ *  and `max-X:` to `width < X`, so a band min pins the screen directly and a band max pins
+ *  it to max+1. Bands prefixFor leaves arbitrary (`min-[…px]:`) embed their exact bounds
+ *  and need no override. */
+export function bandScreens(viewports: number[], canonical: number): Array<[string, number]> {
+  const out = new Map<string, number>();
+  for (const b of computeBands(viewports, canonical)) {
+    if (!b.media) continue;
+    const min = /min-width:\s*(\d+)px/.exec(b.media);
+    const max = /max-width:\s*(\d+)px/.exec(b.media);
+    for (const m of prefixFor(b.media).matchAll(/(max-)?(sm|md|lg|xl|2xl):/g)) {
+      out.set(m[2]!, m[1] ? +max![1]! + 1 : +min![1]!);
+    }
+  }
+  const order = ["sm", "md", "lg", "xl", "2xl"];
+  return [...out.entries()].sort((a, b) => order.indexOf(a[0]) - order.indexOf(b[0]));
+}
+
 function fmtRule(sel: string, decls: Map<string, string>): string {
   return `${sel}{${[...decls].map(([k, v]) => `${k}:${v}`).join(";")}}`;
 }
@@ -1141,6 +1176,13 @@ export function buildTailwind(ir: IR, assetMap: Map<string, string>, colorVar?:
       classOf.set(cid, dedupeUtils([...(classOf.get(cid) ?? "").split(" ").filter(Boolean), ...filteredPseudoUtils]).join(" "));
       utilCount += filteredPseudoUtils.length;
     }
+    // ::placeholder → a raw [data-cid] ditto.css rule (rare — only styled form controls),
+    // matching the pseudo fallback path above: exact colors, no Tailwind-escape round-trip.
+    if (nr.placeholder) {
+      const psel = `${sel}::placeholder`;
+      if (nr.placeholder.base.size) extraParts.push(fmtRule(psel, nr.placeholder.base));
+      for (const b of nr.placeholder.bands) extraParts.push(`${b.media} {\n${fmtRule(psel, b.decls)}\n}`);
+    }
   }
 
   // Stage 4 hover/focus → Tailwind variant utilities folded into each node's className (replacing the
@@ -1181,9 +1223,14 @@ export function buildTailwind(ir: IR, assetMap: Map<string, string>, colorVar?:
  *  so utilities override them. */
 export function tailwindGlobalsCss(opts: {
   reset: string; fontCss: string; tokensCss: string; htmlBg: string; bodyFont: string;
-  clip: string; colorTokens: string[]; viewports: number[];
+  clip: string; colorTokens: string[]; viewports: number[]; canonical: number;
 }): string {
-  const screens = [...opts.viewports].sort((a, b) => a - b).map((v) => `  --breakpoint-vp${v}: ${v}px;`).join("\n");
+  const screens = [
+    ...[...opts.viewports].sort((a, b) => a - b).map((v) => `  --breakpoint-vp${v}: ${v}px;`),
+    // Named screens pinned to the ditto.css band boundaries so `md:`/`2xl:` utilities
+    // and the banded rules flip at the same width (see bandScreens).
+    ...bandScreens(opts.viewports, opts.canonical).map(([n, px]) => `  --breakpoint-${n}: ${px}px;`),
+  ].join("\n");
   const colors = opts.colorTokens.map((n) => `  --color-${n}: var(--${n});`).join("\n");
   return `@layer theme, base, components, utilities;
 @import "tailwindcss/theme.css" layer(theme);
diff --git a/compiler/src/infer/assets.ts b/compiler/src/infer/assets.ts
index d2e1184..eaafe63 100644
--- a/compiler/src/infer/assets.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/infer/assets.ts
@@ -96,11 +96,9 @@ export function materializeAssets(graph: AssetGraph, sourceDir: string, appPubli
   for (const e of graph.entries) {
     if (e.classification !== "downloaded" || !e.storedFile || !e.localPath) continue;
     if (e.type === "css") continue; // not served by the app
-    // A <video> is rendered as its poster still (streaming sources are dropped in
-    // generation), so the materialized video file is never referenced — skip
-    // copying it to public/ to save disk and build time. Its first-frame poster is
-    // a separate image asset that is still materialized.
-    if (e.type === "video") continue;
+    // Video files ARE copied: generation emits a local <video src>/<source src>
+    // whenever the file materialized (only streaming/undownloaded videos fall back
+    // to poster-only rendering).
     if (seenPublicPaths?.has(e.localPath)) continue;
     const src = join(storeDir, e.storedFile);
     const from = fileExists(src) ? src : join(cssDir, e.storedFile);
diff --git a/compiler/src/normalize/ir.ts b/compiler/src/normalize/ir.ts
index 655aa7b..0fba954 100644
--- a/compiler/src/normalize/ir.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/normalize/ir.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ export type IRNode = {
   sizingByVp?: Record<number, RawSizing>;
   beforeByVp?: Record<number, StyleMap>;
   afterByVp?: Record<number, StyleMap>;
+  // ::placeholder computed style (input/textarea with placeholder text) — emitted as a
+  // `::placeholder` rule so form controls keep their authored placeholder color.
+  placeholderByVp?: Record<number, StyleMap>;
   children: IRChild[];
 };
 
@@ -156,10 +159,12 @@ function resolveLazyAttrs(attrs: Record<string, string> | undefined): Record<str
   return out;
 }
 
-// `<iframe>` is intentionally NOT noise: it is kept as a sized placeholder box (its
-// external document is dropped at generation — see propsList — so the clone stays
-// self-contained while preserving the layout the embed occupied). Truly invisible
-// iframes (tracking/chat, 0-size or display:none) are removed by the visibility prune.
+// `<iframe>` is intentionally NOT noise: capture grafts an embedded document's subtree
+// as the iframe's children (capture/graft.ts) so form embeds (Klaviyo et al) render as
+// real content — generation then emits the iframe as a positioned <div>. When the graft
+// wasn't possible the iframe is kept as a sized placeholder box (document-loading attrs
+// dropped at generation — see propsList — so the clone stays self-contained). Truly
+// invisible iframes (tracking/chat, 0-size or display:none) are removed by the prune.
 const NOISE_TAGS = new Set(["next-route-announcer"]);
 
 // Third-party overlay widgets (chat launchers, cookie/consent bars, captcha badges) are
@@ -306,6 +311,7 @@ export function buildIR(sourceDir: string, viewports: number[], opts?: { motion?
     const sizingByVp: Record<number, RawSizing> = {};
     const beforeByVp: Record<number, StyleMap> = {};
     const afterByVp: Record<number, StyleMap> = {};
+    const placeholderByVp: Record<number, StyleMap> = {};
 
     for (const vw of viewports) {
       const match = matched[vw];
@@ -316,6 +322,7 @@ export function buildIR(sourceDir: string, viewports: number[], opts?: { motion?
       if (match.sizing) sizingByVp[vw] = match.sizing;
       if (match.before) beforeByVp[vw] = match.before;
       if (match.after) afterByVp[vw] = match.after;
+      if (match.placeholder) placeholderByVp[vw] = match.placeholder;
     }
 
     const node: IRNode = {
@@ -333,6 +340,7 @@ export function buildIR(sourceDir: string, viewports: number[], opts?: { motion?
     if (Object.keys(sizingByVp).length) node.sizingByVp = sizingByVp;
     if (Object.keys(beforeByVp).length) node.beforeByVp = beforeByVp;
     if (Object.keys(afterByVp).length) node.afterByVp = afterByVp;
+    if (Object.keys(placeholderByVp).length) node.placeholderByVp = placeholderByVp;
 
     if (!raw.rawHTML) {
       const canonKids = elementChildren(raw);
@@ -381,11 +389,16 @@ export function buildIR(sourceDir: string, viewports: number[], opts?: { motion?
         keptChildren.push(c);
         continue;
       }
+      // `<source>` carries a <picture>/<video>'s media/art-direction candidates but never
+      // paints (0×0 at every viewport), so the visibility prune would always drop it —
+      // losing responsive variants (the lazy-loaded mobile img.src then serves every
+      // width). Keep it structurally; generation emits it only when its file materialized.
+      const keepSource = c.tag === "source" && (node.tag === "picture" || node.tag === "video");
       if (keepAll) {
         prune(c, true);
         keptChildren.push(c);
         if (Object.values(c.visibleByVp).some(Boolean) || childHasVisible(c)) hasVisibleDescendant = true;
-      } else if (prune(c, false)) {
+      } else if (prune(c, false) || keepSource) {
         keptChildren.push(c);
         if (Object.values(c.visibleByVp).some(Boolean) || childHasVisible(c)) hasVisibleDescendant = true;
       }
diff --git a/compiler/src/site/generateSite.ts b/compiler/src/site/generateSite.ts
index cebb63a..d820d1c 100644
--- a/compiler/src/site/generateSite.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/site/generateSite.ts
@@ -438,6 +438,7 @@ export function generateSiteApp(opts: {
     const globals = tailwindGlobalsCss({
       reset: RESET_CSS, fontCss: unionFontCss(routes), tokensCss, htmlBg, bodyFont: SYSTEM_FALLBACK, clip,
       colorTokens: [...interner.tokens], viewports: entry.ir.doc.viewports,
+      canonical: entry.ir.doc.canonicalViewport,
     });
     writeText(join(appDir, "src", isVite ? "globals.css" : join("app", "globals.css")), isVite ? viteGlobalsCss(globals) : globals);
   } else {
diff --git a/compiler/test/assetRetry.test.ts b/compiler/test/assetRetry.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de5ba85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/test/assetRetry.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { isRetryableAssetFailure, ASSET_RETRY_DELAY_MS } from "../src/capture/capture.js";
+
+describe("asset download retry decision", () => {
+  it("retries visual/font assets on network error (no response)", () => {
+    for (const type of ["image", "svg", "video", "font"]) {
+      assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure(type, null), true, `${type} + network error retries`);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("retries visual/font assets on transient server states (5xx, 429)", () => {
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("image", 500), true);
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("image", 503), true);
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("video", 502), true);
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("font", 429), true);
+  });
+
+  it("does NOT retry authoritative 4xx failures (404/403/410)", () => {
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("image", 404), false);
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("image", 403), false);
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("video", 410), false);
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("font", 401), false);
+  });
+
+  it("does NOT retry non-visual asset types at all", () => {
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("css", null), false);
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("manifest", 500), false);
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("lottie", 503), false);
+    assert.equal(isRetryableAssetFailure("other", null), false);
+  });
+
+  it("uses a fixed, bounded retry delay (deterministic — no jitter)", () => {
+    assert.equal(typeof ASSET_RETRY_DELAY_MS, "number");
+    assert.ok(ASSET_RETRY_DELAY_MS > 0 && ASSET_RETRY_DELAY_MS <= 2000);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/compiler/test/css.test.ts b/compiler/test/css.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7877602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/test/css.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import type { IR, IRNode, IRChild, StyleMap, BBox } from "../src/normalize/ir.js";
+import { generateCss } from "../src/generate/css.js";
+
+const VPS = [375, 1280];
+const CANONICAL = 1280;
+
+/** Computed style with the minimum the emitter reads, per viewport. */
+function computed(over: StyleMap = {}): StyleMap {
+  return { display: "block", position: "static", visibility: "visible", listStyleType: "disc", listStylePosition: "outside", ...over };
+}
+
+function node(id: string, tag: string, cs: StyleMap, children: IRChild[] = [], visible = true): IRNode {
+  const computedByVp: Record<number, StyleMap> = {};
+  const bboxByVp: Record<number, BBox> = {};
+  const visibleByVp: Record<number, boolean> = {};
+  for (const vp of VPS) {
+    computedByVp[vp] = { ...cs };
+    bboxByVp[vp] = { x: 0, y: 0, width: vp, height: 100 };
+    visibleByVp[vp] = visible;
+  }
+  return { id, tag, attrs: {}, visibleByVp, bboxByVp, computedByVp, children };
+}
+
+function irWith(root: IRNode): IR {
+  return {
+    doc: {
+      sourceUrl: "https://example.test/css",
+      title: "CSS Fixture",
+      lang: "en",
+      charset: "UTF-8",
+      metaViewport: "width=device-width, initial-scale=1",
+      viewports: VPS,
+      sampleViewports: VPS,
+      canonicalViewport: CANONICAL,
+      perViewport: Object.fromEntries(VPS.map((vp) => [vp, { scrollHeight: 800, scrollWidth: vp, htmlBg: "rgb(255, 255, 255)", bodyBg: "rgb(255, 255, 255)", bodyColor: "rgb(0, 0, 0)", bodyFont: "Arial" }])),
+      nodeCount: 4,
+      keyframes: [],
+    },
+    root,
+  };
+}
+
+/** The base-rule body for a selector (first non-banded `.c<id>{…}` block). */
+function baseRule(css: string, id: string): string {
+  const m = css.match(new RegExp(`\\.c${id}\\{([^}]*)\\}`));
+  return m?.[1] ?? "";
+}
+
+describe("generateCss list markers", () => {
+  it("re-establishes list-style on a <ul> whose disc equals the parent's initial value", () => {
+    // list-style-type's initial value is `disc` on EVERY element, so a real <ul disc>
+    // equals its parent <div>'s computed value — but the reset (`ul, ol, menu
+    // { list-style: none; }`) breaks the inheritance chain, so it must still emit.
+    const li = node("n2", "li", computed({ display: "list-item" }));
+    const ul = node("n1", "ul", computed(), [li]);
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [ul]);
+    const css = generateCss(irWith(root), new Map());
+    assert.ok(baseRule(css, "n1").includes("list-style-type:disc"));
+    // The <li> inherits from the ul (not reset), so parent-equality elision still applies.
+    assert.ok(!baseRule(css, "n2").includes("list-style-type"));
+  });
+
+  it("does not emit list-style-type on non-list tags at the initial disc", () => {
+    const div = node("n1", "div", computed());
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [div]);
+    const css = generateCss(irWith(root), new Map());
+    assert.ok(!baseRule(css, "n1").includes("list-style-type"));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("generateCss visibility", () => {
+  it("emits visibility:hidden for a node hidden at the canonical viewport", () => {
+    const hidden = node("n1", "div", computed({ visibility: "hidden" }), [], false);
+    const shown = node("n2", "div", computed());
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [hidden, shown]);
+    const css = generateCss(irWith(root), new Map());
+    assert.ok(baseRule(css, "n1").includes("visibility:hidden"));
+    assert.ok(!baseRule(css, "n2").includes("visibility"));
+  });
+
+  it("restores inherited visibility at a band where the node is shown", () => {
+    const n = node("n1", "div", computed({ visibility: "hidden" }), [], false);
+    n.computedByVp[375]!.visibility = "visible";
+    n.visibleByVp[375] = true;
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [n]);
+    const css = generateCss(irWith(root), new Map());
+    assert.ok(baseRule(css, "n1").includes("visibility:hidden"));
+    const band = css.match(/@media \(max-width: \d+px\) \{\n([\s\S]*?)\n\}/);
+    assert.ok(band?.[1]?.includes("visibility:inherit"));
+  });
+
+  it("stays silent on the descendants of a hidden subtree (inheritance covers them)", () => {
+    const child = node("n2", "div", computed({ visibility: "hidden" }), [], false);
+    const parent = node("n1", "div", computed({ visibility: "hidden" }), [child], false);
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [parent]);
+    const css = generateCss(irWith(root), new Map());
+    assert.ok(baseRule(css, "n1").includes("visibility:hidden"));
+    assert.ok(!baseRule(css, "n2").includes("visibility"));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/compiler/test/iframeGraft.test.ts b/compiler/test/iframeGraft.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5dd0c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/test/iframeGraft.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+import { describe, it, before, after } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { createServer, type Server } from "node:http";
+import { mkdtempSync, readFileSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join, dirname } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import type { PageSnapshot, RawNode, RawChild } from "../src/capture/walker.js";
+import {
+  planForFrameUrl, graftFrameIntoSnapshot, frameHasRenderableContent, findFrameNode,
+} from "../src/capture/graft.js";
+import { captureSite } from "../src/capture/capture.js";
+import { buildIR, isTextChild, type IRNode } from "../src/normalize/ir.js";
+import { resolveTag, propsList } from "../src/generate/app.js";
+import { readJSON } from "../src/util/fsx.js";
+
+const FIXTURES = join(dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "..", "fixtures");
+
+// ---- Synthetic snapshot helpers (unit tests for the merge/offset logic) ----
+
+function isText(c: RawChild): c is { text: string } {
+  return (c as { text?: string }).text !== undefined;
+}
+
+function raw(tag: string, attrs: Record<string, string> = {}, children: RawChild[] = [], over: Partial<RawNode> = {}): RawNode {
+  return {
+    tag, attrs,
+    computed: { display: "block", position: "static" },
+    bbox: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 50 },
+    visible: true,
+    children,
+    ...over,
+  };
+}
+
+function pageSnap(root: RawNode, url = "https://host.test/page"): PageSnapshot {
+  return {
+    doc: {
+      url, title: "t",
+      head: { description: "", canonical: "", ogTitle: "", ogDescription: "", ogImage: "", ogType: "", ogSiteName: "", twitterCard: "", themeColor: "" },
+      lang: "en", charset: "UTF-8", viewportWidth: 800, viewportHeight: 600,
+      scrollWidth: 800, scrollHeight: 600, htmlBg: "", bodyBg: "", bodyColor: "", bodyFont: "",
+      metaViewport: "", nodeCount: 3, truncated: false,
+    },
+    root, cssVars: {}, fontFaces: [], cssUrls: [], domAssets: [], keyframes: [],
+  };
+}
+
+describe("planForFrameUrl", () => {
+  it("skips blank/js frames and ad/analytics/captcha domains", () => {
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl(""), "skip");
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("about:blank"), "skip");
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("javascript:void(0)"), "skip");
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads"), "skip");
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-X"), "skip");
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/anchor"), "skip");
+  });
+
+  it("screenshots media-player embeds instead of grafting their JS-built DOM", () => {
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("https://www.youtube.com/embed/abc123"), "still");
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("https://player.vimeo.com/video/1"), "still");
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=x"), "still");
+  });
+
+  it("grafts everything else (form/newsletter embeds)", () => {
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("https://static-forms.klaviyo.com/forms/abc"), "graft");
+    assert.equal(planForFrameUrl("http://127.0.0.1:4001/iframe-embed.html"), "graft");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("graftFrameIntoSnapshot", () => {
+  const mkHost = (): PageSnapshot =>
+    pageSnap(raw("body", {}, [
+      raw("iframe", { "data-ditto-frame": "0", src: "https://frame.test/embed" }, [], {
+        bbox: { x: 40, y: 30, width: 320, height: 160 },
+      }),
+    ]));
+
+  const mkFrame = (): PageSnapshot => {
+    const input = raw("input", { id: "email", placeholder: "Enter your email" }, [], {
+      bbox: { x: 12, y: 34, width: 200, height: 30 },
+    });
+    const label = raw("label", { for: "email" }, [{ text: "Email" }]);
+    const anchor = raw("a", { href: "#terms" }, [{ text: "Terms" }]);
+    const img = raw("img", { src: "/pixel.png", srcset: "/pixel.png 1x, /pixel@2x.png 2x" });
+    const form = raw("form", { id: "signup" }, [label, input, anchor, img], {
+      bbox: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 320, height: 160 },
+    });
+    return pageSnap(raw("body", {}, [form]), "https://frame.test/embed");
+  };
+
+  it("grafts the frame body as a <div> child of the iframe with offset bboxes", () => {
+    const host = mkHost();
+    const ok = graftFrameIntoSnapshot(host, { idx: 0, contentX: 40, contentY: 30 }, mkFrame());
+    assert.equal(ok, true);
+    const iframe = findFrameNode(host.root, 0)!;
+    assert.equal(iframe.children.length, 1);
+    const wrapper = iframe.children[0] as RawNode;
+    assert.equal(wrapper.tag, "div", "the grafted <body> is retagged to <div>");
+    const form = wrapper.children[0] as RawNode;
+    assert.deepEqual([form.bbox.x, form.bbox.y], [40, 30], "frame-doc coords shift by the content-box origin");
+    const input = form.children.find((c) => !isText(c) && (c as RawNode).tag === "input") as RawNode;
+    assert.deepEqual([input.bbox.x, input.bbox.y], [52, 64]);
+  });
+
+  it("namespaces ids/for/#href so two frames cannot collide, and absolutizes frame-relative URLs", () => {
+    const host = mkHost();
+    graftFrameIntoSnapshot(host, { idx: 0, contentX: 40, contentY: 30 }, mkFrame());
+    const iframe = findFrameNode(host.root, 0)!;
+    const form = (iframe.children[0] as RawNode).children[0] as RawNode;
+    assert.equal(form.attrs.id, "f0-signup");
+    const byTag = (t: string): RawNode => form.children.find((c) => !isText(c) && (c as RawNode).tag === t) as RawNode;
+    assert.equal(byTag("input").attrs.id, "f0-email");
+    assert.equal(byTag("label").attrs.for, "f0-email");
+    assert.equal(byTag("a").attrs.href, "#f0-terms");
+    assert.equal(byTag("img").attrs.src, "https://frame.test/pixel.png");
+    assert.equal(byTag("img").attrs.srcset, "https://frame.test/pixel.png 1x, https://frame.test/pixel@2x.png 2x");
+  });
+
+  it("makes the iframe clip like a real frame viewport (overflow:hidden)", () => {
+    const host = mkHost();
+    graftFrameIntoSnapshot(host, { idx: 0, contentX: 40, contentY: 30 }, mkFrame());
+    const iframe = findFrameNode(host.root, 0)!;
+    assert.equal(iframe.computed.overflow, "hidden");
+    assert.equal(iframe.computed.overflowY, "hidden");
+  });
+
+  it("refuses to graft an empty/invisible frame (screenshot fallback territory)", () => {
+    const host = mkHost();
+    const empty = pageSnap(raw("body", {}, [raw("div", {}, [], { visible: false, bbox: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 } })]), "https://frame.test/embed");
+    assert.equal(frameHasRenderableContent(empty.root), false);
+    assert.equal(graftFrameIntoSnapshot(host, { idx: 0, contentX: 40, contentY: 30 }, empty), false);
+    assert.equal(findFrameNode(host.root, 0)!.children.length, 0);
+  });
+
+  it("merges the frame's @keyframes into the page snapshot", () => {
+    const host = mkHost();
+    const frame = mkFrame();
+    frame.keyframes = ["@keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }"];
+    graftFrameIntoSnapshot(host, { idx: 0, contentX: 40, contentY: 30 }, frame);
+    assert.ok(host.keyframes.includes("@keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }"));
+  });
+});
+
+// ---- Cross-origin integration: capture → snapshot graft → IR → generated tag ----
+
+describe("cross-origin iframe capture (integration)", () => {
+  let hostServer: Server;
+  let frameServer: Server;
+  let hostUrl = "";
+  let frameOrigin = "";
+  let outDir = "";
+
+  // A 1x1 transparent PNG so the frame's <img src="/pixel.png"> resolves and downloads.
+  const PIXEL = Buffer.from(
+    "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNkYPhfDwAChwGA60e6kgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==",
+    "base64",
+  );
+
+  before(async () => {
+    const frameHtml = readFileSync(join(FIXTURES, "iframe-embed.html"), "utf8");
+    frameServer = createServer((req, res) => {
+      if (req.url?.startsWith("/pixel.png")) {
+        res.writeHead(200, { "content-type": "image/png" });
+        res.end(PIXEL);
+        return;
+      }
+      res.writeHead(200, { "content-type": "text/html" });
+      res.end(frameHtml);
+    });
+    await new Promise<void>((r) => frameServer.listen(0, "127.0.0.1", r));
+    frameOrigin = `http://127.0.0.1:${(frameServer.address() as { port: number }).port}`;
+
+    const hostHtml = readFileSync(join(FIXTURES, "iframe-host.html"), "utf8").replaceAll("{{FRAME_ORIGIN}}", frameOrigin);
+    hostServer = createServer((_req, res) => {
+      res.writeHead(200, { "content-type": "text/html" });
+      res.end(hostHtml);
+    });
+    await new Promise<void>((r) => hostServer.listen(0, "127.0.0.1", r));
+    // localhost:portA vs localhost:portB are DIFFERENT origins — the in-page walker
+    // cannot see into the frame; only the Node-side graft can.
+    hostUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${(hostServer.address() as { port: number }).port}/`;
+    outDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "ditto-iframe-graft-"));
+  });
+
+  after(async () => {
+    hostServer?.close();
+    frameServer?.close();
+    rmSync(outDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  it("grafts the cross-origin form into the snapshot, merges its assets, and generates a <div>", async () => {
+    const capture = await captureSite({
+      url: hostUrl,
+      outDir,
+      viewports: [800],
+      breakpoints: false,
+      screenshots: false,
+    });
+
+    // 1) The snapshot carries the grafted subtree under the iframe node.
+    const snap = readJSON<PageSnapshot>(join(outDir, "capture", "dom-800.json"));
+    const iframe = findFrameNode(snap.root, 0);
+    assert.ok(iframe, "the iframe was stamped and captured");
+    assert.equal(iframe!.children.length, 1, "the frame document was grafted");
+    const wrapper = iframe!.children[0] as RawNode;
+    assert.equal(wrapper.tag, "div");
+
+    const findIn = (n: RawNode, pred: (x: RawNode) => boolean): RawNode | null => {
+      if (pred(n)) return n;
+      for (const c of n.children) {
+        if (isText(c)) continue;
+        const hit = findIn(c, pred);
+        if (hit) return hit;
+      }
+      return null;
+    };
+    const input = findIn(wrapper, (n) => n.tag === "input")!;
+    assert.ok(input, "the email input is part of the graft");
+    assert.equal(input.attrs.id, "f0-email", "frame-internal ids are namespaced");
+    assert.equal(input.attrs.placeholder, "Enter your email");
+    assert.equal(input.placeholder?.color, "rgb(200, 150, 100)", "::placeholder captured inside the frame");
+    // The iframe sits at margin-left:40px — grafted geometry is in page coordinates.
+    assert.ok(input.bbox.x >= 40, `input.bbox.x (${input.bbox.x}) offset by the iframe origin`);
+    const label = findIn(wrapper, (n) => n.tag === "label")!;
+    assert.equal(label.attrs.for, "f0-email");
+    const button = findIn(wrapper, (n) => n.tag === "button")!;
+    assert.ok(button.visible, "the Sign up button is visible in the graft");
+
+    // 2) The frame's assets flow through the normal pipeline (absolute frame URL, downloaded).
+    const pixel = capture.assets.find((a) => a.url === `${frameOrigin}/pixel.png`);
+    assert.ok(pixel, "the frame-relative <img> was discovered under the frame's origin");
+    assert.ok(pixel!.storedAs, "and its bytes were stored");
+
+    // 3) IR keeps the grafted children as ordinary nodes; generation emits a <div>.
+    const ir = buildIR(outDir, [800]);
+    const findIr = (n: IRNode, pred: (x: IRNode) => boolean): IRNode | null => {
+      if (pred(n)) return n;
+      for (const c of n.children) {
+        if (isTextChild(c)) continue;
+        const hit = findIr(c, pred);
+        if (hit) return hit;
+      }
+      return null;
+    };
+    const irIframe = findIr(ir.root, (n) => n.tag === "iframe")!;
+    assert.ok(irIframe, "iframe survives into the IR");
+    assert.ok(irIframe.children.some((c) => !isTextChild(c)), "grafted children survive the IR prune");
+    assert.equal(resolveTag(irIframe, false), "div", "a grafted iframe renders as a positioned <div>");
+    const props = new Map(propsList(irIframe, new Map(), hostUrl));
+    assert.equal(props.get("src"), undefined, "document-loading attrs stay dropped");
+    const irInput = findIr(ir.root, (n) => n.tag === "input")!;
+    assert.ok(irInput.placeholderByVp?.[800], "placeholder style flows into the IR");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/compiler/test/irPrune.test.ts b/compiler/test/irPrune.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaac617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/test/irPrune.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { mkdtempSync, mkdirSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import type { RawNode, RawChild } from "../src/capture/walker.js";
+import { buildIR, isTextChild, type IRNode } from "../src/normalize/ir.js";
+
+const VPS = [375, 1280];
+
+function raw(tag: string, attrs: Record<string, string> = {}, children: RawChild[] = [], visible = true): RawNode {
+  return {
+    tag, attrs,
+    computed: { display: visible ? "block" : "none", position: "static", visibility: "visible" },
+    bbox: { x: 0, y: 0, width: visible ? 640 : 0, height: visible ? 360 : 0 },
+    visible,
+    children,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Minimal PageSnapshot JSON around a body tree (same tree at every viewport). */
+function snapshot(vp: number, root: RawNode): object {
+  return {
+    doc: {
+      url: "https://example.test/page", title: "Fixture",
+      head: { description: "", canonical: "", ogTitle: "", ogDescription: "", ogImage: "", ogType: "", ogSiteName: "", twitterCard: "", themeColor: "" },
+      lang: "en", charset: "UTF-8", viewportWidth: vp, viewportHeight: 800,
+      scrollWidth: vp, scrollHeight: 800, htmlBg: "rgb(255, 255, 255)", bodyBg: "rgb(255, 255, 255)",
+      bodyColor: "rgb(0, 0, 0)", bodyFont: "Arial", metaViewport: "width=device-width, initial-scale=1",
+      nodeCount: 10, truncated: false,
+    },
+    root, cssVars: {}, fontFaces: [], cssUrls: [], domAssets: [], keyframes: [],
+  };
+}
+
+function buildFixtureIR(root: RawNode): IRNode {
+  const sourceDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "ditto-ir-prune-"));
+  mkdirSync(join(sourceDir, "capture"), { recursive: true });
+  for (const vp of VPS) {
+    writeFileSync(join(sourceDir, "capture", `dom-${vp}.json`), JSON.stringify(snapshot(vp, structuredClone(root))));
+  }
+  return buildIR(sourceDir, VPS).root;
+}
+
+function findByTag(node: IRNode, tag: string): IRNode | null {
+  if (node.tag === tag) return node;
+  for (const c of node.children) {
+    if (isTextChild(c)) continue;
+    const hit = findByTag(c, tag);
+    if (hit) return hit;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+describe("IR prune keeps <source> media candidates", () => {
+  it("keeps invisible source children of <picture> and <video>, still pruning other invisibles", () => {
+    // <source> is 0×0 at EVERY viewport (never painted), which the visibility prune
+    // reads as unobserved — real case (ooni.com): 47 <source> in dom-1280.json, 0 in
+    // ir.json, so the mobile img.src got baked into desktop layouts.
+    const picture = raw("picture", {}, [
+      raw("source", { srcset: "/img/hero-1280.jpg 1x", media: "(min-width: 768px)" }, [], false),
+      raw("img", { src: "/img/hero-375.jpg", alt: "hero" }),
+    ]);
+    const video = raw("video", { autoplay: "" }, [
+      raw("source", { src: "/media/hero.mp4", type: "video/mp4" }, [], false),
+    ]);
+    const noise = raw("div", {}, [raw("span", {}, [], false)], false); // invisible everywhere → pruned
+    const body = raw("body", {}, [picture, video, noise]);
+
+    const root = buildFixtureIR(body);
+
+    const pic = findByTag(root, "picture");
+    assert.ok(pic, "picture survives");
+    const picTags = pic!.children.filter((c) => !isTextChild(c)).map((c) => (c as IRNode).tag);
+    assert.deepEqual(picTags, ["source", "img"]);
+    const src = findByTag(pic!, "source")!;
+    assert.equal(src.attrs.srcset, "/img/hero-1280.jpg 1x");
+    assert.equal(src.attrs.media, "(min-width: 768px)");
+
+    const vid = findByTag(root, "video");
+    assert.ok(vid, "video survives");
+    const vidTags = vid!.children.filter((c) => !isTextChild(c)).map((c) => (c as IRNode).tag);
+    assert.deepEqual(vidTags, ["source"]);
+
+    // The carve-out is scoped: unrelated invisible-everywhere subtrees still prune.
+    assert.equal(findByTag(root, "span"), null);
+  });
+
+  it("does not keep a <source> outside picture/video, nor resurrect a pruned picture", () => {
+    const orphan = raw("div", {}, [raw("source", { srcset: "/x.jpg" }, [], false)]);
+    // A picture invisible everywhere with no visible descendants is still pruned whole.
+    const ghost = raw("picture", {}, [raw("source", { srcset: "/y.jpg" }, [], false)], false);
+    const body = raw("body", {}, [orphan, ghost]);
+
+    const root = buildFixtureIR(body);
+
+    assert.equal(findByTag(root, "source"), null);
+    assert.equal(findByTag(root, "picture"), null);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/compiler/test/media.test.ts b/compiler/test/media.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa7d1fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/test/media.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import type { IRNode, IRChild, StyleMap, BBox } from "../src/normalize/ir.js";
+import { propsList, renderChildrenJsx } from "../src/generate/app.js";
+
+const VPS = [375, 1280];
+const SOURCE = "https://example.test/page";
+const GIF = "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7";
+
+function el(id: string, tag: string, attrs: Record<string, string> = {}, children: IRChild[] = [], visible = true): IRNode {
+  const computedByVp: Record<number, StyleMap> = {};
+  const bboxByVp: Record<number, BBox> = {};
+  const visibleByVp: Record<number, boolean> = {};
+  for (const vp of VPS) {
+    computedByVp[vp] = { display: "block", position: "static", visibility: "visible" };
+    bboxByVp[vp] = { x: 0, y: 0, width: visible ? 640 : 0, height: visible ? 360 : 0 };
+    visibleByVp[vp] = visible;
+  }
+  return { id, tag, attrs, visibleByVp, bboxByVp, computedByVp, children };
+}
+
+function props(node: IRNode, assetMap: Map<string, string>): Map<string, string> {
+  return new Map(propsList(node, assetMap, SOURCE));
+}
+
+describe("video src emission", () => {
+  it("ships the local file and mirrors captured playback attrs when the src materialized", () => {
+    const assetMap = new Map([
+      ["https://example.test/media/hero.mp4", "/assets/cloned/videos/ab.mp4"],
+      ["https://example.test/img/poster.jpg", "/assets/cloned/images/cd.jpg"],
+    ]);
+    const video = el("n1", "video", {
+      src: "/media/hero.mp4", poster: "/img/poster.jpg",
+      autoplay: "", loop: "", muted: "", playsinline: "",
+    });
+    const p = props(video, assetMap);
+    assert.equal(p.get("src"), JSON.stringify("/assets/cloned/videos/ab.mp4"));
+    assert.equal(p.get("poster"), JSON.stringify("/assets/cloned/images/cd.jpg"));
+    assert.equal(p.get("autoPlay"), "true");
+    assert.equal(p.get("loop"), "true");
+    assert.equal(p.get("muted"), "true");
+    assert.equal(p.get("playsInline"), "true");
+    // preload is mirrored, not forced: none captured → none emitted.
+    assert.equal(p.get("preload"), undefined);
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to poster-only when no video file materialized", () => {
+    const assetMap = new Map([
+      ["https://example.test/img/poster.jpg", "/assets/cloned/images/cd.jpg"],
+    ]);
+    const video = el("n1", "video", { src: "/media/hero.mp4", poster: "/img/poster.jpg", autoplay: "", loop: "" });
+    const p = props(video, assetMap);
+    assert.equal(p.get("src"), undefined);
+    assert.equal(p.get("autoPlay"), undefined);
+    assert.equal(p.get("loop"), undefined);
+    assert.equal(p.get("poster"), JSON.stringify("/assets/cloned/images/cd.jpg"));
+    assert.equal(p.get("preload"), JSON.stringify("none"));
+  });
+
+  it("treats a materialized child <source> as a shippable video (src carried by the child)", () => {
+    const assetMap = new Map([["https://example.test/media/hero.webm", "/assets/cloned/videos/ef.webm"]]);
+    const source = el("n2", "source", { src: "/media/hero.webm", type: "video/webm" }, [], false);
+    const video = el("n1", "video", { autoplay: "", muted: "" }, [source]);
+    const p = props(video, assetMap);
+    assert.equal(p.get("autoPlay"), "true");
+    assert.equal(p.get("preload"), undefined);
+    const jsx = renderChildrenJsx([video], assetMap, SOURCE, 0);
+    assert.match(jsx, /<source[^>]*src="\/assets\/cloned\/videos\/ef\.webm"[^>]*\/>/);
+    assert.match(jsx, /type="video\/webm"/);
+  });
+
+  it("drops non-materialized <source> children (poster-only video keeps none)", () => {
+    const source = el("n2", "source", { src: "/media/hero.webm", type: "video/webm" }, [], false);
+    const video = el("n1", "video", { autoplay: "" }, [source]);
+    const jsx = renderChildrenJsx([video], new Map(), SOURCE, 0);
+    assert.ok(!jsx.includes("<source"));
+    assert.ok(!jsx.includes("autoPlay"));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("poster fallback policy", () => {
+  it("DROPS a poster that missed the asset map instead of substituting the transparent GIF", () => {
+    const video = el("n1", "video", { poster: "https://clone-still.local/0-abc.jpg" });
+    const p = props(video, new Map());
+    assert.equal(p.get("poster"), undefined);
+    assert.ok(![...p.values()].includes(JSON.stringify(GIF)));
+  });
+
+  it("keeps the transparent-GIF fallback for a missed <img> src", () => {
+    const img = el("n1", "img", { src: "/img/gone.png", alt: "" });
+    const p = props(img, new Map());
+    assert.equal(p.get("src"), JSON.stringify(GIF));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("picture>source rewriting", () => {
+  const mkPicture = () => {
+    const desktop = el("n2", "source", {
+      srcset: "/img/hero-1280.jpg 1x, /img/hero-2560.jpg 2x",
+      media: "(min-width: 768px)", type: "image/jpeg", sizes: "100vw",
+    }, [], false);
+    const gone = el("n3", "source", { srcset: "/img/never-downloaded.avif", media: "(min-width: 1024px)" }, [], false);
+    const img = el("n4", "img", { src: "/img/hero-375.jpg", alt: "hero" });
+    return el("n1", "picture", {}, [desktop, gone, img]);
+  };
+
+  it("emits surviving srcset candidates with media/type/sizes preserved, omits sources with none", () => {
+    const assetMap = new Map([
+      ["https://example.test/img/hero-1280.jpg", "/assets/cloned/images/a.jpg"],
+      ["https://example.test/img/hero-375.jpg", "/assets/cloned/images/m.jpg"],
+    ]);
+    const jsx = renderChildrenJsx([mkPicture()], assetMap, SOURCE, 0);
+    // Desktop source survives with ONLY the materialized candidate; void element.
+    assert.match(jsx, /<source[^>]*srcSet="\/assets\/cloned\/images\/a\.jpg 1x"[^>]*\/>/);
+    assert.ok(!jsx.includes("hero-2560"));
+    assert.match(jsx, /media="\(min-width: 768px\)"/);
+    assert.match(jsx, /type="image\/jpeg"/);
+    assert.match(jsx, /sizes="100vw"/);
+    // The fully-missed source is omitted entirely (no placeholder-pointing variant).
+    assert.ok(!jsx.includes("never-downloaded"));
+    assert.ok(!jsx.includes("(min-width: 1024px)"));
+    // The <img> fallback keeps its captured (rewritten) src.
+    assert.match(jsx, /<img[^>]*src="\/assets\/cloned\/images\/m\.jpg"/);
+    // <source> stays a void element: no children, no closing tag.
+    assert.ok(!jsx.includes("</source>"));
+  });
+
+  it("omits every source when nothing materialized, keeping the img fallback", () => {
+    const jsx = renderChildrenJsx([mkPicture()], new Map(), SOURCE, 0);
+    assert.ok(!jsx.includes("<source"));
+    assert.match(jsx, new RegExp(`<img[^>]*src="${GIF.replace(/[+/]/g, (c) => "\\" + c)}"`));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/compiler/test/placeholder.test.ts b/compiler/test/placeholder.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..470b31a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/test/placeholder.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import { describe, it, before, after } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join, dirname } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { chromium, type Browser, type Page } from "playwright";
+import { collectPage, type RawNode, type RawChild } from "../src/capture/walker.js";
+import type { IR, IRNode, IRChild, StyleMap, BBox } from "../src/normalize/ir.js";
+import { generateCss } from "../src/generate/css.js";
+import { buildTailwind } from "../src/generate/tailwind.js";
+
+const FIXTURES = join(dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "..", "fixtures");
+
+function isText(c: RawChild): c is { text: string } {
+  return (c as { text?: string }).text !== undefined;
+}
+
+function findBy(root: RawNode, pred: (n: RawNode) => boolean): RawNode | null {
+  if (pred(root)) return root;
+  for (const c of root.children) {
+    if (isText(c)) continue;
+    const hit = findBy(c, pred);
+    if (hit) return hit;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+describe("walker ::placeholder capture", () => {
+  let browser: Browser;
+  let page: Page;
+  before(async () => {
+    browser = await chromium.launch();
+    page = await browser.newPage();
+  });
+  after(async () => {
+    await browser.close();
+  });
+
+  it("captures the styled ::placeholder color/font of input and textarea", async () => {
+    await page.setContent(readFileSync(join(FIXTURES, "placeholder.html"), "utf8"));
+    await page.evaluate("globalThis.__name = globalThis.__name || ((fn) => fn);");
+    const snap = await page.evaluate(collectPage);
+
+    const input = findBy(snap.root, (n) => n.tag === "input" && n.attrs.class === "styled")!;
+    assert.ok(input.placeholder, "styled input carries a placeholder style");
+    assert.equal(input.placeholder!.color, "rgb(120, 30, 200)");
+    assert.equal(input.placeholder!.fontSize, "14px");
+
+    const textarea = findBy(snap.root, (n) => n.tag === "textarea")!;
+    assert.ok(textarea.placeholder, "styled textarea carries a placeholder style");
+    assert.equal(textarea.placeholder!.color, "rgb(5, 100, 5)");
+  });
+
+  it("does not attach placeholder style to a control without placeholder text", async () => {
+    await page.setContent(readFileSync(join(FIXTURES, "placeholder.html"), "utf8"));
+    await page.evaluate("globalThis.__name = globalThis.__name || ((fn) => fn);");
+    const snap = await page.evaluate(collectPage);
+    const plain = findBy(snap.root, (n) => n.tag === "input" && n.attrs.class === "plain")!;
+    assert.equal(plain.placeholder, undefined);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---- Generated CSS ----
+
+const VPS = [375, 1280];
+const CANONICAL = 1280;
+
+function computed(over: StyleMap = {}): StyleMap {
+  return { display: "block", position: "static", visibility: "visible", ...over };
+}
+
+function node(id: string, tag: string, cs: StyleMap, children: IRChild[] = []): IRNode {
+  const computedByVp: Record<number, StyleMap> = {};
+  const bboxByVp: Record<number, BBox> = {};
+  const visibleByVp: Record<number, boolean> = {};
+  for (const vp of VPS) {
+    computedByVp[vp] = { ...cs };
+    bboxByVp[vp] = { x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 40 };
+    visibleByVp[vp] = true;
+  }
+  return { id, tag, attrs: {}, visibleByVp, bboxByVp, computedByVp, children };
+}
+
+function irWith(root: IRNode): IR {
+  return {
+    doc: {
+      sourceUrl: "https://example.test/placeholder",
+      title: "Placeholder Fixture",
+      lang: "en",
+      charset: "UTF-8",
+      metaViewport: "width=device-width, initial-scale=1",
+      viewports: VPS,
+      sampleViewports: VPS,
+      canonicalViewport: CANONICAL,
+      perViewport: Object.fromEntries(VPS.map((vp) => [vp, { scrollHeight: 800, scrollWidth: vp, htmlBg: "rgb(255, 255, 255)", bodyBg: "rgb(255, 255, 255)", bodyColor: "rgb(0, 0, 0)", bodyFont: "Arial" }])),
+      nodeCount: 2,
+      keyframes: [],
+    },
+    root,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("generateCss ::placeholder emission", () => {
+  it("emits a ::placeholder rule with the captured color", () => {
+    const input = node("n1", "input", computed({ color: "rgb(10, 20, 30)", fontSize: "16px" }));
+    input.placeholderByVp = {
+      375: { color: "rgb(120, 30, 200)", fontSize: "14px" },
+      1280: { color: "rgb(120, 30, 200)", fontSize: "14px" },
+    };
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [input]);
+    const css = generateCss(irWith(root), new Map());
+    const m = css.match(/\.cn1::placeholder\{([^}]*)\}/);
+    assert.ok(m, "a .cn1::placeholder rule is emitted");
+    assert.ok(m![1]!.includes("color:rgb(120, 30, 200)"));
+    // fontSize differs from the host's own 16px, so it must be emitted too.
+    assert.ok(m![1]!.includes("font-size:14px"));
+  });
+
+  it("omits font props the placeholder inherits from the input itself", () => {
+    const input = node("n1", "input", computed({ color: "rgb(10, 20, 30)", fontSize: "16px", fontFamily: "Arial" }));
+    input.placeholderByVp = {
+      375: { color: "rgb(200, 150, 100)", fontSize: "16px", fontFamily: "Arial" },
+      1280: { color: "rgb(200, 150, 100)", fontSize: "16px", fontFamily: "Arial" },
+    };
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [input]);
+    const css = generateCss(irWith(root), new Map());
+    const m = css.match(/\.cn1::placeholder\{([^}]*)\}/);
+    assert.ok(m);
+    assert.ok(m![1]!.includes("color:rgb(200, 150, 100)"));
+    assert.ok(!m![1]!.includes("font-size"), "inherited font-size is not re-declared");
+    assert.ok(!m![1]!.includes("font-family"), "inherited font-family is not re-declared");
+  });
+
+  it("bands a placeholder color that changes across viewports", () => {
+    const input = node("n1", "input", computed({ color: "rgb(10, 20, 30)" }));
+    input.placeholderByVp = {
+      375: { color: "rgb(1, 2, 3)" },
+      1280: { color: "rgb(120, 30, 200)" },
+    };
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [input]);
+    const css = generateCss(irWith(root), new Map());
+    assert.ok(/\.cn1::placeholder\{[^}]*rgb\(120, 30, 200\)/.test(css), "base carries the canonical color");
+    assert.ok(/@media \(max-width: \d+px\)[\s\S]*\.cn1::placeholder\{[^}]*rgb\(1, 2, 3\)/.test(css), "mobile band overrides the color");
+  });
+
+  it("emits no ::placeholder rule for nodes without placeholder styles", () => {
+    const input = node("n1", "input", computed({ color: "rgb(10, 20, 30)" }));
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [input]);
+    const css = generateCss(irWith(root), new Map());
+    assert.ok(!css.includes("::placeholder"));
+  });
+
+  it("tailwind mode (the default pipeline) carries the rule in ditto.css keyed by data-cid", () => {
+    const input = node("n1", "input", computed({ color: "rgb(10, 20, 30)" }));
+    input.placeholderByVp = {
+      375: { color: "rgb(120, 30, 200)" },
+      1280: { color: "rgb(120, 30, 200)" },
+    };
+    const root = node("n0", "body", computed(), [input]);
+    const tw = buildTailwind(irWith(root), new Map());
+    assert.ok(/\[data-cid="n1"\]::placeholder\s*\{[^}]*color:\s*rgb\(120, 30, 200\)/.test(tw.pseudoCss),
+      `pseudoCss carries the placeholder rule:\n${tw.pseudoCss}`);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/compiler/test/screens.test.ts b/compiler/test/screens.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b6955d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/test/screens.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { computeBands } from "../src/generate/css.js";
+import { bandScreens, prefixFor, tailwindGlobalsCss } from "../src/generate/tailwind.js";
+
+/** Interval covered by a ditto.css band media query (integer px, inclusive). */
+function bandInterval(media: string | null): [number, number] {
+  if (!media) return [0, Infinity];
+  const min = /min-width:\s*(\d+)px/.exec(media);
+  const max = /max-width:\s*(\d+)px/.exec(media);
+  return [min ? +min[1]! : 0, max ? +max[1]! : Infinity];
+}
+
+/** Integer interval covered by a Tailwind variant prefix under the given screens.
+ *  v4 semantics for named AND arbitrary variants: `X:` = width >= X; `max-X:` = width < X. */
+function prefixInterval(prefix: string, screens: Map<string, number>): [number, number] {
+  let lo = 0, hi = Infinity;
+  for (const m of prefix.matchAll(/(max-)?(?:(sm|md|lg|xl|2xl)|(?:min-)?\[(\d+)px\]):/g)) {
+    const px = m[3] ? +m[3] : screens.get(m[2]!);
+    assert.ok(px !== undefined, `screen defined for ${m[0]}`);
+    if (m[1]) hi = Math.min(hi, px! - 1);
+    else lo = Math.max(lo, px!);
+  }
+  return [lo, hi];
+}
+
+function assertAgreement(viewports: number[], canonical: number): void {
+  const screens = new Map(bandScreens(viewports, canonical));
+  for (const b of computeBands(viewports, canonical)) {
+    if (!b.media) continue;
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      prefixInterval(prefixFor(b.media), screens),
+      bandInterval(b.media),
+      `band vp${b.vp} (${b.media}) matches its Tailwind prefix`,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+describe("tailwind screens agree with computeBands boundaries", () => {
+  it("standard 375/768/1280/1920 ladder: md/lg/2xl pinned to the band midpoint boundaries", () => {
+    const screens = new Map(bandScreens([375, 768, 1280, 1920], 1280));
+    // Midpoints 571/1024/1600 → bands ≤571, 572–1024, base, ≥1601.
+    assert.deepEqual([...screens], [["md", 572], ["lg", 1025], ["2xl", 1601]]);
+    // NOT Tailwind's stock 768/1024/1536 — stock 2xl (1536) would flip utility-classed
+    // nodes to the 1920 layout in 1536–1600 while ditto.css still holds the 1280 layout.
+    assert.notEqual(screens.get("2xl"), 1536);
+    assertAgreement([375, 768, 1280, 1920], 1280);
+  });
+
+  it("odd viewport set: bands fall back to exact arbitrary prefixes (no named screens needed)", () => {
+    assert.deepEqual(bandScreens([320, 900, 1440], 900), []);
+    assertAgreement([320, 900, 1440], 900);
+  });
+
+  it("emits the derived screens into the generated @theme", () => {
+    const css = tailwindGlobalsCss({
+      reset: "", fontCss: "", tokensCss: "", htmlBg: "#fff", bodyFont: "sans-serif",
+      clip: "", colorTokens: [], viewports: [375, 768, 1280, 1920], canonical: 1280,
+    });
+    assert.ok(css.includes("--breakpoint-md: 572px;"));
+    assert.ok(css.includes("--breakpoint-lg: 1025px;"));
+    assert.ok(css.includes("--breakpoint-2xl: 1601px;"));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/compiler/test/seo.test.ts b/compiler/test/seo.test.ts
index 4f1ad2c..3d514a5 100644
--- a/compiler/test/seo.test.ts
+++ b/compiler/test/seo.test.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   seoRouteFiles,
 } from "../src/generate/seo.js";
 import { agentsMd, architectureMd } from "../src/generate/docs.js";
+import { NEXT_CONFIG } from "../src/generate/app.js";
 
 function fixtureIr(): IR {
   return {
@@ -169,4 +170,28 @@ describe("SEO inventory and emission", () => {
     assert.ok(agentsMd(docsInput).includes("src/app/ditto"));
     assert.ok(architectureMd(docsInput).includes("data-ditto-id"));
   });
+
+  it("passes a Next-supported og:type through to openGraph", () => {
+    const ir = fixtureIr();
+    ir.doc.head!.meta!.push({ property: "og:type", content: "article" });
+    const report = buildSeoInventory(ir, fixtureAssets(), fixtureCapture());
+    const metadata = metadataExport(report);
+    assert.ok(metadata.includes('"type": "article"'));
+    assert.ok(!metadata.includes('"og:type"'));
+  });
+
+  it("routes an unsupported og:type into metadata.other (Next throws on unknown enum values)", () => {
+    const ir = fixtureIr();
+    ir.doc.head!.meta!.push({ property: "og:type", content: "product.group" });
+    const report = buildSeoInventory(ir, fixtureAssets(), fixtureCapture());
+    const metadata = metadataExport(report);
+    assert.ok(metadata.includes('"og:type": "product.group"'));
+    assert.ok(!metadata.includes('"type": "product.group"'));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("generated Next config", () => {
+  it("disables the dev-tools badge so it cannot leak into screenshots", () => {
+    assert.ok(NEXT_CONFIG.includes("devIndicators: false"));
+  });
 });
diff --git a/compiler/test/stabilize.test.ts b/compiler/test/stabilize.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..094fc3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/test/stabilize.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import { describe, it, before, after } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { join, dirname } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from "node:url";
+import { chromium, type Browser, type Page } from "playwright";
+import {
+  promoteLazyMediaInPage,
+  settleCarouselsInPage,
+  forceRevealForShot,
+  restoreRevealForShot,
+} from "../src/capture/stabilize.js";
+
+const FIXTURES = join(dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "..", "fixtures");
+// tsx/esbuild wraps functions with a __name() helper for stack traces; the serialized
+// page functions carry those calls, so shim it (same as capture.ts's init script).
+const ESBUILD_SHIM = "globalThis.__name = globalThis.__name || ((fn) => fn);";
+
+describe("stabilize: lazy-media promotion", () => {
+  let browser: Browser;
+  let page: Page;
+  before(async () => {
+    browser = await chromium.launch();
+    page = await browser.newPage();
+    await page.addInitScript(ESBUILD_SHIM);
+    await page.goto(pathToFileURL(join(FIXTURES, "lazy.html")).href);
+  });
+  after(async () => {
+    await browser.close();
+  });
+
+  it("promotes data-lazy-src/data-src/data-srcset/data-bg and measures the loaded size", async () => {
+    const count = await page.evaluate(promoteLazyMediaInPage);
+    // lazy1 (src), lazy2 (src), lazysource (srcset), lazy3 (src), lazybg (background)
+    assert.equal(count, 5);
+
+    const state = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const attr = (id: string, name: string) => document.getElementById(id)?.getAttribute(name) ?? null;
+      const img = (id: string) => document.getElementById(id) as HTMLImageElement;
+      return {
+        lazy1Src: attr("lazy1", "src"),
+        lazy1Loading: attr("lazy1", "loading"),
+        lazy1Width: img("lazy1").naturalWidth,
+        lazy2Src: attr("lazy2", "src"),
+        lazy2Sizes: attr("lazy2", "sizes"), // data-sizes="auto" is a flag, not a value
+        sourceSrcset: attr("lazysource", "srcset"),
+        lazy3Src: attr("lazy3", "src"),
+        bg: (document.getElementById("lazybg") as HTMLElement).style.backgroundImage,
+        notaurlSrc: attr("notaurl", "src"),
+      };
+    });
+    assert.equal(state.lazy1Src, "og-image.png");
+    assert.equal(state.lazy1Loading, "eager");
+    assert.ok(state.lazy1Width > 1, "promoted image decoded to its real size");
+    assert.equal(state.lazy2Src, "seo-icon.png");
+    assert.equal(state.lazy2Sizes, null);
+    assert.equal(state.sourceSrcset, "og-image.png 1x");
+    assert.equal(state.lazy3Src, "og-image.png");
+    assert.ok(state.bg.includes("brand.svg"), `background promoted (got ${state.bg})`);
+    assert.equal(state.notaurlSrc, null, "non-URL data attr must not be promoted");
+  });
+
+  it("is idempotent and never clobbers an src that already equals the target", async () => {
+    const again = await page.evaluate(promoteLazyMediaInPage);
+    assert.equal(again, 0);
+    const alreadySrc = await page.evaluate(() => document.getElementById("already")?.getAttribute("src"));
+    assert.equal(alreadySrc, "seo-icon.png");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("stabilize: carousel settling", () => {
+  let browser: Browser;
+  let page: Page;
+  before(async () => {
+    browser = await chromium.launch();
+    page = await browser.newPage();
+    await page.addInitScript(ESBUILD_SHIM);
+    await page.goto(pathToFileURL(join(FIXTURES, "carousel-autoplay.html")).href);
+  });
+  after(async () => {
+    await browser.close();
+  });
+
+  const txOf = (sel: string) =>
+    page.evaluate((s) => {
+      const el = document.querySelector(s)!;
+      return new DOMMatrixReadOnly(getComputedStyle(el).transform).m41;
+    }, sel);
+
+  it("returns an autoplaying carousel to its home slide and pauses autoplay", async () => {
+    // let autoplay advance at least one slide so there is something to settle
+    await page.waitForFunction("window.__autoplayTicks >= 2", null, { timeout: 5000 });
+    assert.notEqual(await txOf(".splide__list"), 0);
+
+    const res = await page.evaluate(settleCarouselsInPage);
+    assert.equal(res.roots, 2);
+    assert.equal(res.normalized, 2);
+
+    assert.equal(await txOf(".splide__list"), 0, "track back at the home slide");
+    const bulletActive = await page.evaluate(() =>
+      document.querySelector(".splide__pagination__bullet")!.classList.contains("is-active"));
+    assert.ok(bulletActive, "first bullet re-activated");
+
+    // paused: no further autoplay ticks, and the track holds its home transform
+    const ticks = await page.evaluate("window.__autoplayTicks");
+    await page.waitForTimeout(700); // > 2 autoplay intervals
+    assert.equal(await page.evaluate("window.__autoplayTicks"), ticks, "autoplay latched paused");
+    assert.equal(await txOf(".splide__list"), 0, "track still at home after the autoplay window");
+  });
+
+  it("pins a control-less non-loop track left mid-offset back to translateX(0)", async () => {
+    assert.equal(await txOf("#stuck .swiper-wrapper"), 0);
+  });
+
+  it("cancels a mid-flight track transition instead of freezing it", async () => {
+    // Start a slide transition and settle while it is still running: pausing the
+    // CSSTransition would disassociate it from style and HOLD the frozen mid-flight
+    // transform over the home navigation — the settled track must still land at 0.
+    await page.evaluate(`(async () => {
+      const bullets = document.querySelectorAll(".splide__pagination__bullet");
+      bullets[2].click(); // transition toward slide 3 begins (0.2s)
+      return await (${settleCarouselsInPage.toString()})();
+    })()`);
+    assert.equal(await txOf(".splide__list"), 0, "track settled at home, not a frozen mid-flight offset");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("stabilize: force-reveal for element screenshots", () => {
+  let browser: Browser;
+  let page: Page;
+  before(async () => {
+    browser = await chromium.launch();
+    page = await browser.newPage();
+    await page.addInitScript(ESBUILD_SHIM);
+    await page.setContent(
+      '<div id="wrap" style="visibility:hidden">' +
+      '<video id="v" style="width:320px;height:180px;background:#000"></video>' +
+      "</div>",
+    );
+  });
+  after(async () => {
+    await browser.close();
+  });
+
+  it("reveals the hidden ancestor chain so the screenshot succeeds, then restores exactly", async () => {
+    const vis = () => page.evaluate(() => getComputedStyle(document.getElementById("v")!).visibility);
+    assert.equal(await vis(), "hidden");
+
+    const forced = await page.evaluate(forceRevealForShot, "#v");
+    assert.equal(forced, 2); // the video (inherited hidden) + the wrapping div
+    assert.equal(await vis(), "visible");
+
+    const buf = await page.locator("#v").screenshot({ type: "jpeg", quality: 82, timeout: 2000, animations: "disabled" });
+    assert.ok(buf.length > 0, "screenshot captured while revealed");
+
+    await page.evaluate(restoreRevealForShot);
+    assert.equal(await vis(), "hidden");
+    const after = await page.evaluate(() => ({
+      wrapInline: (document.getElementById("wrap") as HTMLElement).style.visibility,
+      videoInline: (document.getElementById("v") as HTMLElement).style.visibility,
+      markers: document.querySelectorAll("[data-clone-vis-restore]").length,
+    }));
+    assert.equal(after.wrapInline, "hidden", "original inline value restored");
+    assert.equal(after.videoInline, "", "no inline visibility left on the video");
+    assert.equal(after.markers, 0, "restore markers removed");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/compiler/test/walker.test.ts b/compiler/test/walker.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d9c0eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/test/walker.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { describe, it, before, after } from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { chromium, type Browser, type Page } from "playwright";
+import { collectPage, type RawNode, type RawChild } from "../src/capture/walker.js";
+
+function isText(c: RawChild): c is { text: string } {
+  return (c as { text?: string }).text !== undefined;
+}
+
+function findByTag(root: RawNode, tag: string): RawNode | null {
+  if (root.tag === tag) return root;
+  for (const c of root.children) {
+    if (isText(c)) continue;
+    const hit = findByTag(c, tag);
+    if (hit) return hit;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function textRun(node: RawNode): string {
+  let out = "";
+  for (const c of node.children) out += isText(c) ? c.text : textRun(c);
+  return out;
+}
+
+describe("walker whitespace-only text nodes", () => {
+  let browser: Browser;
+  let page: Page;
+  before(async () => {
+    browser = await chromium.launch();
+    page = await browser.newPage();
+  });
+  after(async () => {
+    await browser.close();
+  });
+
+  const capture = async (html: string) => {
+    await page.setContent(html);
+    // tsx/esbuild wraps functions with a __name() helper for stack traces; the
+    // serialized collectPage carries those calls, so shim it (same as capture.ts).
+    await page.evaluate("globalThis.__name = globalThis.__name || ((fn) => fn);");
+    return page.evaluate(collectPage);
+  };
+
+  it("keeps the lone space that is the only child of an inline element", async () => {
+    // Real case (ooni.com): the space between "of" and "the" lives alone inside
+    // <strong>; dropping it fuses the adjacent text runs ("ofthe").
+    const snap = await capture("<p>Creator of<strong> </strong><em><strong>the world's</strong></em></p>");
+    const p = findByTag(snap.root, "p")!;
+    const strong = p.children.find((c) => !isText(c) && c.tag === "strong") as RawNode;
+    assert.deepEqual(strong.children, [{ text: " " }]);
+    assert.equal(textRun(p), "Creator of the world's");
+  });
+
+  it("still keeps the single space between inline elements", async () => {
+    const snap = await capture("<p><em>a</em> <em>b</em></p>");
+    const p = findByTag(snap.root, "p")!;
+    assert.equal(textRun(p), "a b");
+  });
+
+  it("does not emit a space inside an empty block container", async () => {
+    const snap = await capture("<main><section>\n   \n</section></main>");
+    const section = findByTag(snap.root, "section")!;
+    assert.deepEqual(section.children, []);
+  });
+});